They were even called by their names, Phoebe and Phoebus respectively, in some sources. [32], Selene was rarely worshipped, at least in earlier periods of ancient Greek history. Selene - or Luna as the Romans called her - is the goddess of the moon, driving a horse-drawn chariot across the night sky. Hesiod, Catalogue of Women frag. Several lovers are attributed to her in various myths, including Zeus, Pan, and the mortal Endymion. Along with presiding over dangerous sea creatures, Ceto produced her own set of frightening . Whenever the moon could not be seen in the night sky, it was because Selene had paused to take in Endymions beauty once again. Mene The personification of the months was sometimes an aspect of Selene and sometimes a separate goddess. She walked as quietly as possible to avoid frightening Endymion as he slept. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Gods of Death Selene is a Titan goddess. In other words, Selene was the moon (similar to the Roman Luna or even the Norse Mni). [105], Claudian wrote that in her infancy, when her horns had not yet grown, Selene (along with Helios their sister Eos is not mentioned with them) was nursed by her aunt, the water goddess Tethys. Her brother Helios shone as the sun, while her sister Eos was the goddess of the dawn. Did a Lion-Headed Monster Exist in Greek Mythology. This was the mythological explanation for the movement of the moon across the sky. Selene was written off and Artemis became the goddess of the moon, hunting, and animals. [158] HMS Selene (P254), a 1944 British submarine and Ghia Selene, a concept car from the Ghia design studio from 1959, also bore her name. The goddess had one temple that was also an oracle near Thalamae in Laconia. The concept of Selene as the lunar goddess also made her an important goddess of childbirth and female fertility. Kapach, Avi. Though Selene almost never appears in modern adaptations of Greek mythology, she is nonetheless present in pop culture as the personification of the moon. Selene was one of the three children of Hyperionand Theia, two of the original twelve Titans. The crescent moon, full moon, and dark moon corresponded to the three states of being embodied by the Fates. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. Selene, the goddess of the moon, has two siblings: Eos, the goddess of the dawn, and Helios, the sun god. Lastly, Selene was said to be the mother of the legendary Greek poet Musaeus,[50] with, according to Philochorus, the father being the legendary seer Eumolpus.[51]. [78] In his dialogue between Aphrodite and Eros, Lucian also has Aphrodite admonish her son Eros for bringing Selene "down from the sky". Zeus heard of that, and ordered Selene as well as her siblings Helios (Sun) and Eos (Dawn) not to shine, and harvested all of that plant for himself. Museum of Classical Archaeology Databases. Although in most myths, the Horae appear to be triads born of Zeus and Themis, in this particular incarnation they were the daughters of Selene and Helios. [106], According to pseudo-Plutarch, Lilaeus was an Indian shepherd who only worshipped Selene among the gods and performed her rituals and mysteries at night. [93] Aelian states: "They say that the Lion of Nemea fell from the moon", and quotes Epimenides as saying:[94], For I am sprung from fair-tressed Selene the Moon, who in a fearful shudder shook off the savage lion in Nemea, and brought him forth at the bidding of Queen Hera. Selene, the moon goddess, was reputed to have had many children by various fathers. According to the Catalogue of Women, Endymion was the son of Aethlius (a son of Zeus), and Zeus granted him the right to choose when he would die. And along with Selene, the moon moved as well. Selene herself, upon discovering this, took her own life. Her name was spelt differently in the different dialects of the Greeks but the meaning was the same. [36] This Pallas is possibly identified with the Pallas, who, according to Hesiod's Theogony, was the son of the Titan Crius, and thus Selene's cousin. Selene, goddess of the moon, truly represented the moon itself to the Greeks. This eventually led to the identification of Selene with Artemis, also associated with fertility and the moon in various ways. Selene - The Moon Goddess - Greek Mythology - See U in History Art: Marcus AquinoColor: Rod Fernandes#GreekMythology #Mythology #SeeUinHistory #History #Myth. She was descended . After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. And now thou thyself too hast part in a like mad passion; and some god of affliction has given thee Jason to be thy grievous woe. We learn of Selenes family, her parents and siblings and the children that she went on to have, from various different sources and Greek myths. Other examples of lunar goddesses and gods are Selenes Roman equivalent Luna, the Mesopotamian Sin, the Egyptian god Khonsu, the Germanic Mani, the Japanese Shinto god Tsukuyomi, the Chinese Change, and the Hindu god Chandra. Selene fought back the giant, locking horns with Typhon; afterwards, she carried many scars on her orb, reminiscent of their battle. 14 In works of art, however, the two divinities are usually distinguished; the face of [89] One day, in Nonnus' account, Ampelus rode on a bull, and proceeded to compare himself to Selene, saying that he was her equal, having horns and riding bulls just like her. [142] In Theocritus' second Idyll, a young girl invokes Selene in a love-spell. In post-classical times, Selene was often identified with Artemis, much as her brother, Helios, was identified with Apollo. Most famous classical poets describe her beauty as so intriguing that gods and mortals alike could not resist her godly charms. The goddess Selene was the daughter of Titius Hyperion and Theia. [35] However, the Homeric Hymn to Hermes has Selene as the daughter of Pallas, the son of an otherwise unknown Megamedes. Selene, (Greek: "Moon") Latin Luna, in Greek and Roman religion, the personification of the moon as a goddess. Rheinisches Museum Fr Philologie, vol. Selene was more than just a lunar goddess, she was the embodiment of the moon and its light. At that time, he did not wish for the sun to rise for three days and sent instructions to Selene via Hermes so it should be so. When Gaia heard of a prophecy that a mortal would help the gods to defeat the giants, she sought to find a herb that would make them undefeatable. [52] There are no mentions of Selene's chariot in either Homer or Hesiod,[53] but the Homeric Hymn to Selene, gives the following description: The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. [8] The masculine form of mene (men) was also the name of the Phrygian moon-god Men. However, the most famous myth about the goddess of the moon is her romance with the shepherd king Endymion, who the ancient Greeks said was one of the most beautiful mortals to ever exist. In Greek, the name Endymion means one who dives and Max Muller thought that the myth was a symbolic representation of how the sun set by diving into the sea and then the moon arose. Goddess Selene is often portrayed in art and in myths generally, riding a chariot across the sky. They included: The lunar goddesses sometimes worked together. That the myths contained a considerable element of fiction was recognized by the more critical Greeks, such as the philosopher Plato in the 5th-4th century bce. [23] She was, however, the subject of one of the thirty-three Homeric Hymns, which gives the following description: And next, sweet voiced Muses, daughters of Zeus, well-skilled in song, tell of the long-winged[24] Moon. There were some witches who people thought could make the moon or the sun disappear from the sky at a specified time, although it is more likely that such people, if they did exist, simply had the ability to predict when an eclipse was going to happen. [47] Nonnus has Selene and Endymion as the parents of the beautiful Narcissus, although in other accounts, including Ovid's Metamorphoses, Narcissus was the son of Cephissus and Liriope.[48]. [37] Other accounts give still other parents for Selene: Euripides has Selene as the daughter of Helios (rather than sister),[38] while an Aeschylus fragment possibly has Selene as the daughter of Leto,[39] as does a scholium on Euripides's play The Phoenician Women which adds Zeus as the father. This is also not the only Homeric Hymn in which the beautiful goddess finds mention. Thou wouldst say far off that this was milk indeed, which is a well-spring of white water: if thou draw a little nigher, lo, the stream is fringed as though with ice, for white stone rims it round. Seneca, Madness of Hercules 83; Hyginus, Fabulae 30; Aelian, On Animals 12.7 (citing Epimenides); etc. [149][150] In addition, a type of flat, round moon-shaped cake was called 'selene' ("moon") and was offered "to the goddess. According to the Homeric Hymn 32, Selene and Zeus together had a daughter named Pandia. Zeus slept with the human queen Alcmene, of which encounter Heracles was born. iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order It seems that Selene was not uninvolved in the twelve tasks of Heracles either. Even though she, along with her siblings, was a Titan goddess because of her parentage, the three of them became quite central to the Greek pantheon and were accepted as Greek gods themselves after the fall of the great Titans. Plutarch, On the Face in the Moon 30, On Isis and Osiris 52; Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.337; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 10.214, 44.70. Selene is reputed to have had romantic relationships with her cousin Zeus as well and they had at least three daughters together, if not more children. 2. She was worshipped at the new and full moons. In fact, there were several female deities who shared this domain. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. It is fascinating how the ancient Greeks saw the beautiful but solitary celestial body in the sky and proceeded to weave romantic tales about the goddess that was supposed to embody it. Each day she drives her two-horse chariot, heralding the breaking of the new day and her brother's arrival. The most well-known story of Selene is her love of the mortal man Endymion. ), The name Selene (Greek , translit. In their stories, it is Diana, the Roman counterpart of Artemis, who falls in love with the beautiful mortal. Modern audiences do not often think about Selenes cyclical nature, however. Her lunar sphere or crescent was either a crown set upon her head or the fold of a raised, shining cloak. Her brother is Helios, the Sun and her sister is Eos, the Dawn. The goddess of the moon does not seem to have been the object of much ritual worship in the early Greek period. A womans fertility was said to be influenced by the cycles of the moon, a belief that gave English the word menses, and under Selenes influence women were said to have an easier time in childbirth than they did during the day. I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. [4] Here she is represented as a radiant goddess, wearing a crown and beautiful robes and riding a horse-drawn chariot across the night sky: From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. The History of Guns, Greek Mythology: Stories, Characters, Gods, and Culture, Aztec Mythology: Important Stories and Characters, Greek Gods and Goddesses: Family Tree and Fun Facts, Roman Gods and Goddesses: The Names and Stories of 29 Ancient Roman Gods, Descriptions of Selene, Goddess of the Moon, Greek Myths featuring the Moon Goddess Selene, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? Whether this Pallas (called the son of Megamedes) is the same as the Titan Pallas or a different individual entirely is unclear. The scientist Jons Jacob Berzelius named it such since the element was very similar in nature to tellurium, which was named after the Earth, whose Greek name is Tellus. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. [134], Selene was sometimes associated with childbirth, for it was believed that during the full moon women had the easiest labours; this helped in her identification with the goddess Artemis,[138] as well as other goddesses connected to women's labours. The pair could also have been the parents of the beautiful and vain Narcissus, for whom the Narcissus flower is named, according to Nonnus, the Greek epic poet of the Roman era. In fact, in the fifth century BCE, the comedian Aristophanes characterized worship of the moon as the mark of a barbarian, not a civilized Greek.[33]. [2] She was often associated with cycles of growth and agriculture, female menstruation, and mysterious diseases like epilepsy and demonic possession. Selene also has a chemical element named after her, Selenium. The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. Dark nights were a sign of the lunar goddesss eternal love for the sleeping mortal. Selene has a minor planet named after her, called 580 Selene. [100], Diodorus Siculus recorded an unorthodox version of the myth, in which Basileia, who had succeeded her father Uranus to his royal throne, married her brother Hyperion, and had two children, a son Helios and a daughter Selene, "admired for both their beauty and their chastity". Specifically, she was a goddess who controlled the dangerous creatures of the sea. ", Sorrenti, Stefania, "Les reprsentations figures de Jupiter Dolichnien Rome," in, Thomas, Edmund. Having risen to power in the generation of Zeus, they were universally revered and worshiped. H. G. Evelyn-White; cf. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. Many people believed that labor and childbirth was easiest during the full moon and prayed to Selene for aid. The altars to Selene were few and far between. 500450 BCE. the crescent moon, full moon, and dark moon, as delinted by the divisions of the calendar month).[154]. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene (/slini/; Greek: pronounced[seln], meaning "Moon"[2]) is the personification of the Moon. There are a few different versions of the myth. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Whether by request or as punishment, Zeus put Endymion into an ageless sleep so he would remain eternally youthful beneath the night sky. However, hers might not be a name that is quite as well-known. The Greeks recognized several goddesses as having a connection to the moon, but none was as closely associated with it as Selene. 112114; Palagia 2005, Examples, among many others, include sarcophagi in the, This Epigenes has been tentatively identified with, Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, as in, Online version at Demonax | Hellenic Library, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, "Kaguya Another Chapter for the Lunar Saga", Online version at Harvard University Press, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library (Latin), Classical mythology in western art and literature, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selene&oldid=1142206020, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Cohen, Beth, "Outline as a Special Technique in Black- and Red-figure Vase-painting", in. A third version of the story had Endymion himself choose an ageless sleep as opposed to living a mortal life. Even now, this moon goddess of the ancient world has not quite gone out of our lives and her presence can be felt in small but subtle reminders. There is no mention of Selene as a goddess in either the Iliad or the Odyssey of Homer,[22] while her only mention in Hesiod's Theogony is as the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, and sister of Helios and Eos. And if Selene and Helios did not work together, as the personifications of the moon and the sun, there would be absolute chaos in the world. Way). This she shared with her siblings and other goddesses like Nyx. Selene, the goddess of the moon, was the youngest of the three siblings. Greek mythology has beautiful explanations for many natural phenomena. I am the owner and chief researcher at this site. She was unique, however, in her relationship with the orb itself. This article is about the Greek goddess. Selene was the goddess of the moon. The Greeks followed a lunar calendar, making Selene one of the most important deities in the passage of time. Knowing he would be there whenever she wanted to see him, the goddess no longer worried he would leave or die before she got to see him again. Selenes siblings and Selene herself carried on their fathers legacy by shining light from the heavens upon the earth. Homeric Hymn 32.313, trans. [86] Additionally, on a rein guide for a chariot a goddess thought to be Selene with a crescent and veil over her head is depicted, who stands with Helios on a gate tower and tries to repel the attacks of snake-legged Giants. [118], Selene is commonly depicted with a crescent moon, often accompanied by stars; sometimes, instead of a crescent, a lunar disc is used. [84] Selene's participation in the battle is evidenced by her inclusion in the Gigantomachy frieze of the Pergamon Altar, fighting against Giants next to her siblings Helios and Eos and her mother Theia in the southern frieze. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. According to Lucian, Selene had a rival for Endymions love named Myia. Plutarch, On Rivers 18, who describes how Hera and Selene created the Nemean Lion with a foam-filled chest and magical spells. The Greeks (like many other ancient peoples) were notoriously terrified of eclipses, viewing them as signs of the gods displeasure.[3]. She was essentially urban and civilized, the antithesis in many respects of Artemis, goddess of the outdoors. [87], According to the late account of Nonnus, when the gigantic monster Typhon laid siege against the heavens, he attacked Selene as well by hurling bulls at her, though she managed to stay in her course, and rushed at her hissing like a viper. The Origin of Hotdogs, The History of Boracay Island in The Philippines. The cave in Anatolia where Endymion was said to sleep became a holy place for Selene. However, in the science fiction book The First Men on the Moon by H.G. Magical Goddess of the Silvery Moon. Her Roman equivalent is Luna. [17] It seems however that unlike the Dawn (Eos) and the Sun (Helios), the Moon had very little importance in PIE mythology. [75] Cicero seems to make Selene responsible for Endymion's sleep, so that "she might kiss him while sleeping". In some later accounts, she is known as the Horned Selene, perhaps due to the crescent moon upon the crown of her head. Who was Vesta, the Goddess of the Hearth? Hymn 31, To Helios, also speaks of the two sisters of Helios where the rich-tressed Selene is once again alluded to. In antiquity, Selene would also often be depicted either riding upon a bull, or upon a silvery chariot drawn by two winged horses. Several lovers are attributed to her in various myths, including Zeus, Pan, and the mortal Endymion. 1999, Mark P. O. Morford, Robert J. Lenardon, Classical Mythology, page 43, Balancing Arria is the union of Selene and Endymion. The moon was also believed to bring the night dew that nourished the plants and to bring sleep and rest to humankind. "[80], Lucian also records an otherwise unattested myth where a pretty young girl called Muia becomes Selene's rival for Endymion's affections; the chatty maiden would endlessly talk to him while he slept, causing him to wake up. Her father was the Titan god of heavenly light, while her mother represented the blue color of the sky. Same thing happened with Helius and Apollo. Names of the Goddess. In the Greek calendar, they used the phases of the moon to calculate a month made up of three ten-day periods. Selene, like her siblings, was a Titan goddess because of her birth but they were no less important to the Greeks. She is pale, beautiful and indefinably alluring. Mason-Dixon Line In time, however, some early Greek philosophers and scientists did attempt rational explanations for lunar eclipses (e.g., Democritus, frag. With his sister, the Titaness Theia, Hyperion fathered Helios (the Sun), Selene (the Moon) and Eos (the Dawn).. Hyperion was, along with his son Helios, a personification of the sun, with the two sometimes . 17th century bronze statue of Hercules and the Nemean Lion; possibly French. The moon goddess was said to have had several lovers, including Zeus and the wild god Pan. Selene was not the only goddess the Greeks associated with the moon. That leaves Artemis and Selene. These three lunar goddesses were all important to the Greeks in different ways but it was only Selene who was considered the moon incarnate herself. The second Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft following was named SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer) after Selene, and was also known as Kaguya in Japan. The two other daughters that Selene and Zeus had together was Nemea, the nymph of the town that the Nemean Lion was from, and Ersa, the personified version of dew. Upon the head of Selene was normally found a crown that was representative of the spherical moon. Selene and Endymion relief, Alessandro and Lancellotto Pusterla's gravestone, 16th century. She is dressed in the finest silk robes and travels in her silver moon chariot drawn by luminous steeds across the heavens. 68 A75 D-K). 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