It has coastlines on the Bay of Biscay (a part of the Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea.Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid, and the country is known for its long history, unique culture, strong economy, and very high living standards. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. The Kimmel Falls are the tallest in Europe and also 5th in the list of the worlds highest waterfalls. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). She or he will best know the preferred format. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south.Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. Iceland, having area of 103 000 km, is larger than Ireland (84 406 km). Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. 12. Other European islands are much smaller. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. 3. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. Ethnic Groups / People of Europe are at 87. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. MLS # 1863863 Check out this amazing list of Austria facts that include history, food, culture, and more. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. January average range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the northeastern part of European Russia. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. The Republic of Ireland occupies 80 percent of this landmass, while a large chunk of land in the north, called Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom.All together, the island of Ireland is made up of 32 counties. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. Germany's location at the heart of Europe has shaped its history both for good and bad. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. The U.K. also includes Northern Ireland, which is on another island. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. San Marino and Vatican City, two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by Italy. The nation of Germany was divided in two. Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. This description is simplified. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. Greeces many earthquakes, and the tsunamis they caused, were connected to the sea god Poseidon, known as the Earth Shaker. Cults and temples centered on Poseidon were built throughout the Aegean and Mediterranean seas as a means of appeasing the god.As maritime trade and exploration developed in the region, winds and currents connected to Poseidon became important in Greek mythology. It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. It is characterized by simple, minimalist design and low-cost mass production. It even includes roads! Indebted countries must now deal with strict budgets and declining incomes while more financially stable countries are forcing taxpayers to help fund the financial rescue.The status of immigrants is also a source of tension and debate in Europe. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. Holland is a nation of cyclists. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. The Sami culture of Scandinavia, for example, was deeply connected to the indigenous reindeer herds of the Arctic. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. The euro is the second-most popular currency (behind the American dollar) and is used daily by more than 320 million people. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. Europes largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. Asia is not Europe ;-). Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. The overall population of Europe is set to drop from roughly 590 million to 542 million by 2050. The population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005 according to the United Nations. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Swiss-Italian is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is also derived from Latin. Music, Geography, Social Studies, Economics, world history than Australia, it is comprised of 737.... Interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike continents! Greek philosophers, such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and the.. Countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and the arts, evolved into French in the Caucasus Mountains Russia. To assume they are not part of continental Europe three sides region, and the Union!, meaning power ] [ 4 ] it is one of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands something! 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