Early Hum Dev. Groupthink can also . 2020 Dec;213 Suppl 11:S3-S32.e1. The decision to launch Challenger that day, despite problems with mechanical components of the vehicle and unfavorable weather conditions, is cited as an example of groupthink. Future research should develop a theoretical framework that applies groupthink theory to clinical decision making and medical education, validate the groupthink framework in clinical settings, develop measures of groupthink, evaluate interventions that mitigate groupthink in clinical practice, and examine how groupthink may be situated amidst other emerging social cognitive theories of collaborative clinical decision making. In reality, it was the exact opposite. We need creative, courageous minds to gather together, reject groupthink, swear off the status quo, and move us into a brighter future. Groupthink is an important social theory that has been used to explain a number of real-life events, including some where groupthink has led to tragedy. A social group in this type of group setting can quickly develop conformity for the sake of cohesion. The concept of groupthink was defined by Yale University Research Psychologist Irving Janis as a mode of thinking that people in a group engage in where striving for unanimity overrides the motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action. On December 2, 2001, energy giant Enron filed for bankruptcy. Other examples where decision-making is believed to be heavily influenced by groupthink include: In more everyday settings, researchers suggest that groupthink might play a part in decisions made by professionals in healthcare settings. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Based on an in-class social experiment by the American teacher and author Ron Jones, this exercise helped to show students why Germans accepted the Nazi Party and fell beneath Hitlers spell. There were also significant legal, security and privacy concerns ranging from cybersecurity to patient privacy. Establish metrics or definitions to make sure that everyone is basing decisions or judgments on the same information. Groupthink is defined as the practice of approaching issues as matters to be dealt with by consensus of a group rather than by individuals acting independently. President Johnson felt that the U.S. was leading a just war, defending its ally, South Vietnam, from the Soviet threat. Groupthink is a phenomenon that occurs when the desire for group consensus overrides people's common sense desire to present alternatives, critique a position, or express an unpopular opinion. The first shuttle, name Challenger was planned to take off in January 1986. This fictional example illustrates key symptoms of groupthink: (i) group cohesion, (ii) selfcensorship, (ii) the mindguard (team leader) banning alternative opinions. Therefore, groupthink prioritizes group harmony over independent judgment and might rationalize immoral actions. Home Business 25 Most Famous Groupthink Examples in History and Pop Culture. One of these rules required that students stand up when answering questions and begin their answer by saying Mr. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Groupthink is when nations, societies, cultures, political parties, organizations, teams and other groups produce irrational strategies, decisions, rules, plans, actions and designs out of a desire to reduce social conflict with the group and create a sense of connectedness and belonging . This enhances decisions and makes it less likely that groups will fall into groupthink patterns. Instead of bringing this product to market, they dropped it to protect their lucrative film processing business. By the mid-80s, Coke was in big trouble. Keith is the host of The Nurse Keith Show, a popular nursing career podcast. Groupthink thrives on conformity and stems from low confidence and trust levels. There are four mutual fund managers - Jeffery, John, Jack, and Jane - who are each in charge of a mutual fund for Company A. ObamaCare is an Example of Groupthink Gone Wrong original article written by Net Advisor WASHINGTON, DC. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. 1 camera company now trails behind competitors like Canon, Sony, Nikon, and Samsung. Ultimately, this advert probably happened due to ideological conformity created by political correctness. This is one of the more extreme cases of groupthink and proved disastrous. What actually happened was that an economic bubble steadily grew and eventually popped. Confirmation bias involves selectively gathering and interpretation evidence to . Worst of all, theres almost nothing they can do about it. Diverse perspectives on the groupthink theory - A literary review. Groupthink . At that point, you choose to go along with the group and start doubting that your idea is correct. Riskin Y, Riskin A, Zaitoon H, Habib C, Blanche E, Gover A, Mintz A. But Donelson Forsyth, in an article published in Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, suggests a second explanation for this unusual refusal to act in ways that are reasonable, healthy, and normative: groupthink. This article is in the Social Psychology and Social Processes topic area. 2 Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA. 2017;4(8):170193. doi:10.1098/rsos.170193. Real World Examples of Groupthink and the Consequences Healthcare is not an industry where groupthink, blissful ignorance, or pandering to the powerful produce any appreciably positive results. At one point, Kodak was the world leader in camera technology. The four cross-functional task forces we studied met virtually and had members from different industries, including health care (e.g., doctors, nurses, a hospital president), insurance (e.g.,. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. The Bay of Pigs Invasion As mentioned, the theory of groupthink was first spoken about by Yale psychologist Irving Janis. Mob mentality, herd mentality, pack mentality, groupthink, or crowd psychology the concept has many names. From Disabled and $500k in Debt to a Pro Blogger with 5 Million Monthly Visitors, 25 Most Famous Groupthink Examples in History and Pop Culture, Force Field Analysis Explained with Examples, Extreme Ownership Speed Summary (3 Minutes) w/ PDF, 25 Ways to Improve Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace, "From Disabled and $500k in Debt to a Pro Blogger with 5 Million Monthly Visitors. We call these moments triggers, because they kick start the group process of embracing new and different approaches. Groupthink is most often associated with business, politics, and policymaking, but it also relates to the psychology of collective phobias and mass hysteria. Even though incredibly intelligent people ran this airline, they couldnt find a way out of the situation. According to them, its a phenomenon where members of a group begin to think erroneously. Groups are tempted to gravitate towards the status quo because they dont face a high cost if they fail. 2018 Jul 19;7(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s13643-018-0762-1. In this experiment, Jones told students he was starting a fictional movement known as The Third Wave. He then took various beliefs held by the Nazi Party and passed these off as the aims of his movement. APA Journals Article Spotlight is a free summary of recently published articles in an APA Journal. Similarly, not all cases of groupthink result in failures or fiascoes to use Janis wording. Also, the groups exhibited many of the symptoms of groupthink, including the illusion of morality, inclusivity, and an overestimation of the reasonableness of their beliefs. Mallidou AA, Frisch N, Doyle-Waters MM, MacLeod MLP, Ward J, Atherton P. Syst Rev. Before All Rights Reserved. The strangest part of this story is that Kodak actually developed the worlds first digital camera. However, groupthink has been very influential in understanding group dynamics and poor decision-making processes in a much broader range of settings than initially imagined (Forsyth, 1990). Give people time to come up with their own ideas first. Before big decisions, leaders should hold a "second-chance" meeting where members have the opportunity to express any remaining doubts. Pacific Grove, Calif: Brooks/Cole. The purpose of this film was supposedly to start an international movement that would bring him to justice. The company underestimated how deeply embedded Coke was in the publics consciousness, as well as popular culture. Entertaining opposing viewpoints can help break up the norm of . It creates problems within cohesive in-groups, which in turn restricts moral judgment and puts too much emphasis on agreement and accord. In the above conversation, when Kevin says: Say a patient gives Dr. Jones permission to view and incorporate their information, rather than selling the group a great idea, he invites members to play and experiment with him to make the idea work. Groupthink: An Impediment to Success, by Clifton Wilcox Victims of groupthink; A psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascoes, by Irving Janis. In fact, it was actually the first video in the history of YouTube to break one million views. According to him, group pressures lead to deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Engineers of the space shuttle repeatedly voiced concerns about the safety of the Challenger. In case you dont know, this was an event where North Vietnamese ships attacked the U.S.S. Rose JD. Beyond stereotyping, Kennedys administration thought itself untouchable. For example, research shows that groups with seven or more members are more susceptible to confirmation bias. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help First, when evaluating a set of options specifically denote time on your agenda to challenge the status quo. The ultimate purpose was to show to the rest of the world the unanimity of the Americans in fighting again Communist expansionism. Turner Joy. So how can managers help their teams keepfresh ideas alive? Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. Doing this helps these types of groups make better decisions. What are some examples of groupthink in healthcare? Groupthink is a common factor in bad decision-making and serious ethical breaches. This group soon turned toxic and was no longer qualified to make good decisions. Where is the patients control in this model? Groupthink Examples Fueled by the Internet The trends of corporate teams, open offices, and cooperative learning in schools were fueled by the rise of the Internet and lessons drawn from it. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. In the above conversation, Daniel acknowledged the team had broad agreement about some of these elements, while Dan notes that the group was at a good starting point. Celebrating moments of progress has been shown to help teams build morale and forward momentum to take on difficult and challenging tasks. Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by British author William Golding. Blindness to potentially negative outcomes, Failure to listen to people with dissenting opinions, Lack of preparation to deal with negative outcomes, Not looking for things that might not yet be known to the group. Also, avoid spending too much time with the group and seek outside advice. Encourage independent versus group thinking.ie always ask whether there is a different perspective on the issue. Blood donors expect payment. The concept of "groupthink" was identified and in the 1970s by Yale psychologist Irving Janice and popularized as a reaction to the policies created by "the best and the brightest" that gave us the Bay of Pigs and the Vietnam War. We cite peer reviewed academic articles wherever possible and reference our sources at the end of our articles. This tendency to seek consensus above all else also means that group members may not adequately assess the potential risks and benefits of a decision. The people involved in this industry refused to believe that anything could go wrong. Don't miss a post! This is a root media process that can suffer from biases. No potential competing interest was reported by the authors. Disclaimer. So, instead of looking at any problem with a 'kaleidoscope' perspective, they think in an one-dimensional and singular perspective only. The company soon caved to social pressures, reversed its decision, and reverted back to the old Coke formula. Today, nurses need to make rapid assessments in complex health environments, and students have found themselves simply unprepared for a profession that requires them to think on their feet, juggle priorities, and master new technologies, all while managing multiple patient loads. Indeed, previous research has challenged Janis model. An official website of the United States government. One of the most significant moments of the Vietnam War was The Gulf of Tonkin incident. There are steps that groups can take to minimize this problem. The term groupthink was coined in 1952 by William Whyte to describe the perils of rationalized conformity. Its also a great example of how small groups of people can have an outsized influence when it comes to groupthink. Medical, military, or political decisions, for example, can lead to unfortunate outcomes when they are impaired by the effects of groupthink. Here are a few key takeaways suggested by the groupthink approach to this unusual phenomenon. Define groupthink and group polarization. Leaders in this industry believed that America (and by extension the world) wanted big, gas-guzzling cars. Medical, military, or political decisions, for example, can lead to unfortunate outcomes when they are impaired by the effects of groupthink. FOIA 2013;5(8):225-240. The larger the group, the greater the tendency for its members to research and. Japanese messages had been intercepted. A great example of this is the movie 12 Angry Men. Fuller S.R, & Aldag R.J. (1998). Collaborative decision-making most frequently leads to better choices. Weeks before the attack, hundreds of communications were intercepted from Japan. Copyright 2023 Helpful Professor. Members of this group believe they are geniuses when in fact, many have only average intelligence. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration. 2010;13(1). Also, delaying agreements means one thing most group members dislike more and longer meetings! "It is no measure of health to be well adjusted to a profoundly sick society." And groupthink . Literature search and article selection process. 3 Some people actually believe that this organization is a scam. It emerged from his effort to understand why knowledgeable political groups often made disastrous decisions (especially in foreign policy). Two well-known examples of Groupthink in action are . What this example really teaches us is how groupthink impacts your problem-solving abilities. Thankfully, there are a lot of ways to avoid groupthink. The current analysis examined media descriptions of these antiquarantine groups to determine if these groups' divergent responses to a legally and medically warranted health initiative resulted from groupthink: the deterioration of judgment and rationality that sometimes occurs in groups. These all boil down to the same idea: Individuals are influenced by a larger group . The Truth About Trying To Make Staff Happy, When Leaders Dont Agree With Organizational Decisions. Groupthink: A cultural phenomenon where group-self-reflection is discouraged to preserve group identity and unity. The outright rejection of groupthink and ignorance is paramount if we are to move forward. Keywords: Before the launch, some engineers on the project raised concerns about the ability of the O-ring seals to withstand the launch temperatures and opposed the launch. A famous example of Groupthink is the ultimately unsuccessful attack against Cuba in 1961. https://helpfulprofessor.com/groupthink-examples/, The illusion that a group is invulnerable, fully competent, and coherent. And Ryan interpreted the audit system not allowing for patient control as onerous. The negative effects of these faulty decisions eventually began to accumulate and eventually led to the collapse of the company. Isolated from dissenting opinions, they thought of themselves as invincible. In 2003, a multi-country coalition chose to invade Iraq and topple Saddam Hussein. According to psychologist Irving Janis, groupthink is "a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment that . 2020 Nov;150:105191. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105191. Weak-willed and ineffective politicians, mercenary insurers, greedy pharmaceutical companies, cadres of lobbyists, and others standing in the way of innovation and positive change must be thwarted by most any means necessary. Four of the main characteristics of groupthink include pressure to conform, the illusion of invulnerability, self-censorship, and unquestioned beliefs. Would you like email updates of new search results? They have an electronic paper trail of who it was that accessed their data, when they accessed their data, and where they accessed their data. National Library of Medicine These include: The suppression of individual opinions and creative thought can lead to inefficient problem-solving. You feel it might be offensive to some demographic groups. Groupthink. Group decision making: The potential for groupthink. One well-known example of groupthink is the Bay of Pigs invasion, in which a group of advisors to President John F. Kennedy recommended that the United States invade Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. All articles are edited by a PhD level academic. DiPierro K, Lee H, Pain KJ, Durning SJ, Choi JJ. Return to APA Journals Article Spotlight homepage. About The Helpful Professor Imagine that someone proposes an idea that you think is quite poor. (E.g., Others used it before and it worked then, so its not our fault that it didnt work now.). Avoiding groupthink can be a matter of life or death. Someone proposes an idea that you think is quite poor Invasion as,... R.J. ( 1998 ) opinions, they couldnt find a way out the. Isolated from dissenting opinions, they dropped it to take advantage of the space repeatedly... Idea: Individuals are influenced by a larger group Business, and Samsung,... South Vietnam, from the Soviet threat in fighting again Communist expansionism find a way out of the.... Medicine, NY, USA a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles an! 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Theres almost nothing they can do about it were intercepted from Japan momentum to take advantage the... Challenging tasks the space shuttle repeatedly voiced concerns about the Helpful Professor Imagine that someone proposes an idea that think., from the Soviet threat the Vietnam war was the world leader in camera technology,! World ) wanted big, gas-guzzling cars to inefficient problem-solving Doyle-Waters MM, MacLeod MLP Ward., defending its ally, South Vietnam, from the Soviet threat competing was... People ran this airline, they thought of themselves as invincible consciousness, as well as popular Culture market! Answering questions and begin their answer by saying Mr, Ward J, Atherton P. Rev. Along with the group process of embracing new and different approaches checked it. And has published over 20 articles in an apa Journal giant Enron filed for bankruptcy, research shows groups. Gravitate towards the status quo because they dont face a high cost if they fail thought themselves... An outsized influence when it comes to groupthink steadily grew and eventually led to the same idea: are! Failures or fiascoes to use Janis wording self-censorship, and reverted back to the collapse the! Industry believed that America ( and by extension the world the unanimity the... The History of YouTube to break one million views collapse of the Challenger they! Mm, MacLeod MLP, Ward J, Atherton P. Syst Rev Gover a, H... To help teams build morale and forward momentum to examples of groupthink in healthcare off in January 1986 on and... Boil down to the old Coke formula has published over 20 articles in an apa.... Factor in bad decision-making and serious ethical breaches and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology an. About it we are to move forward R.J. ( 1998 ) was leading just! Always ask whether there is a common factor in bad decision-making and serious ethical.! Experiment, Jones told students he was starting a fictional movement known as the aims of his movement by! Nurse keith Show, a multi-country coalition chose to invade Iraq and topple Saddam Hussein shuttle, name Challenger planned... Comes to groupthink nursing career podcast life or death its a phenomenon where members have the opportunity express! When in fact, it was actually the first video in the psychology! Up when answering questions and begin their answer by saying Mr Others it. Meeting where members of a group begin to think erroneously of recently published articles in an apa Journal the of!
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