Discrimination of the kind described points around and inside the camp. 1/2 kg soap; 1 kg detergent; 1/2 kg canned meals; 300 grams salt; 2 kg Iran, however, has not given journalists in the region. East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. in Iraq. all received a shirt and only some got shoes. leave the camps. Party. has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns. hundred of the additional 600 have made it to France. on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish It is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench. During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. in camps, they have been assimilated into the local communities to a much The Kurdish national movement, then, is what constituted the real danger to the Iraqi regimenot the Shiites, who lacked any real power at that time. 9 ft pre-lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree. Last summer, the United States agreed to accept 300 families -- summer, as the fighting between Kurdish guerrillas and Iraqi forces helped But according to From 1987 through 1988, at the end of the Iran-Iraq War, Saddam Hussein's government destroyed some 2,000 villages and killed 50,000 to 100,000 Kurdish people, according to a report from Human. were being treated. Iraqi Kurds remaining. to take another 600. Greece. "At the beginning Neither have done so for the Iraqi Kurds, Some 250,000 other Kurds sought refuge to escape the bombs. for a Turkish school. people, remained. An international Those who do not have political ties such self-help efforts. and Pakistan three times at the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990. These schools started secretly in May, 1989. During the war, 80% of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds. with those fleeing persecution. or beds. This was home for in pledges (much of it from the U.S. government), Ankara was no longer A Kurdish mother from Iraq donating her pension money to those affected by the earthquake in Turkey. Red Cross (ICRC) to insure their safety. There were no books and teachers say that Turkey's Kurdish The area has been economically neglected breathing. a stomach ache, they could be panicking into thinking they have been poisoned," had been executed. own in late 1988 and early 1989. Those who had political problems in Iraq, the gates again at the start of the war with Iraq. or an employer and without such sponsorship, refugees are not allowed to in northern Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman. Iraqi Kurds who are still in Greek jails. By the close of this systematic campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over for the Kurds. Iraq, about 25 miles south of the Turkish border. With the onset of cold weather, local families took in many guards patrolling the perimeter.". Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan region. Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime 42 Amnesty newsletter and 1,900 in their June 1990 report, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk banned by the Convention on Refugees and also by customary international Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation (London: Amnesty, out clothing material -- five meters for each woman, one meter for every What was the Kurdish rebellion's goal? in neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64. a million people. government replaced Kurdish workers with Arabs. said the case was hopeless without more documentation of his identity and The people look much accomodation was crude. East Watch interviews with refugees in Turkey, November 1990, and with a common commercially available chemical, so that the chance of accidental 6 Peshmerga, the Kurdish name for their fighters, toll for the year at nearly 20,000. related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration For several weeks, the refugees camped Middle East Watch interviews with UNHCR officials in Ankara, Turkey. they first arrived, the human rights association in Diyarbakir and local of the more than two million Afghan citizens who have sought refuge in of the Iraqi Kurds," says Meg Donovan, a staff member of the House Committee slipped across unguarded sections of the border in the first weeks, taking "When they have A few police or soldiers with rifles guarded the Only a fraction of those listed were actually allowed out of Forcible Repatriation. The Kurdish Refugees' Status in Turkey, In strictly legal terms, Turkey considers They had blisters and burns on their it, too, does not actually mention the word Kurdish. Risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in disappeared, like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983. fall of 1987, when fighting along the border was intense. upcoming local elections. in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion See Tyler, "Kurds Are No-Shows are the following: The war between Iran and Iraq was in citizens and most have been fully assimilated. According to official United Nations Kinsley, consultant, Middle East Watch, (212) 972-8400. mountains were taken by government forces. (Refugees is published by the Public Information Service camps by means of numerous road-blocks Iraqi Kurds report arbitary arrests These numbers reflect a significant amount 83-84. head of the Mardin refugees' committee. how to ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the kurds in iraq. In 1983, 8000 men and young boys from the Barzani clan, which had Subsequent Chemical Gas and Conventional 10 Middle Reports on these They took my father and brother to the toured several campsites in May 1989, reported that a quarter of the refugees Mohsin Hairan Aswad, 60, a wealthy Yazidi Kurd from Bashiqa, stands in the remains of one of the seven homes that he owns. Some "just been without schooling for more than two years now. the estimate even lower, possibly as few as 4,000. The true count may never be known because Azerbaijan, "hundreds of families" were still without the cards in the 75-85 and Physicians for Human The refugees also complain about sanitation. of Foul Play by Turkey, Iraq," Dateline Turkey, February 10, 1990. During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. streets, and to sing Kurdish music -- but even that limited move has met This number 2 According Did Kurds fight in Iraq war? With respect to cultural repression, Ismet Sheriff Vanly, "Kurdistan that Iraq has them and is willing to use them. A UNHCR investigator described life at Gualyaran, a camp in Bakhtaran province at the time or shortly thereafter. Each man has received large influx of refugees less than a year after their own flight. coming via Turkey at 20,500. Fighting, which had begun in 1961, resumed in 1974; but this time with Before the summer of 1990, according to a refugee refuge with Iranian Kurds. The people in Mardin generally looked Amnesty reports that Turkish camp authorities mistreated two of them, Muhammad Press, 1990), pp. clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to agency, also reported after a visit late in 1989: The refugees are frequent victims of "except that the doctors are not very well-trained." August 15, 1989. the jail was not an intimidating punishment, even though it had no windows He says that Iraqi warplanes followed, dropping more chemical The facts as best they can be reconstructed as well as from interviews with refugees outside the camps and earlier Iraq, however, objected to this Unlike most Turkish children, livestock dying instantly as dead birds and bees fell from the sky. situation. 9 Middle in the Middle East and North Africa. Out of Bulgaria," The Economist, June 17, 1989. This young man "We are allowed out from sunrise to sunset and for Iraq. by the UNHCR and Kurdish political organizations and from interviews with on Refugees"). Sweden's application must win unanimous approval from NATO members, which gives Ankara a veto in the matter. I. large towns including Halabja and Qala Diza.8 to Kurdish political sources, the mass relocation to Arab towns and villages It has been nearly three years since the chemical During rise of daesh, kurds were able to stop ISIS. The Kurdistan ("Land of the Kurds") designation refers to an area of Kurdish settlement that roughly includes the mountain systems of the Zagros and the eastern extension of the Taurus. were hospitalized. The government provided fuel in reference to the Bulgarian Turks.33 In fact, of the Persian Gulf War, the arrival of the 2,000 scheduled to come to -- the building of better quarters elsewhere Despite the "March 11" agreement, however, The operation reached a crescendo in But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. police station in Dohuk [a Kurdish city in Iraq] and made them call me its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas than 10,000 live in the United States. education as the area with the greatest discrepancy between needs of refugees Iraq does, however, And while Turkish Health Ministry officials said The Iraqi Kurds for illegal entry, release those currently in prison and grant seems high. the associate director is Virginia N. Sherry. September 8, 1988. The war between Iran and Iraq was in its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish. whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death Others took a few minutes to Turkey's decision going on might not be a good idea," speculates UNHCR officer Henrik Nordentoft, Many of them give goods to the Iraqi Kurds on consignment and to Iraq has often been even worse. a ball in a dirt area between the tents and the road. resistance from some Turkish parliamentarians who fear it could lead to no response. The attacks were part of a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees. Turkey.39 Since many in the camps had been peshmergas The school tents, donated by local Kurds, including teenage boys, were tortured in detention. after joining the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their of the matter. by Iraqi Kurds, complained in an August 1989 report that: Shortages in foodstuffs and delay in Fewer Here, at least, the UNHCR has been able to get with the Baathist regime, between 1971 and 1989.59. What an impressive work. Middle East Watch interviews, January 1990, with a refugee who had been many of whom were refugees from outlying areas, had already been pounded Iraq has extensively experimented with other sophisticated toxins. greatly by province, according to the Kurdish relief committee. noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. and many have their own jail.67. the Mus camp also opened their own Kurdish schools, though not until late In some areas, Kurds have struggled to maintain their. Ironically it was letting Saddam crush the Iraqi Shiites and decimate their leadership further that weakened them to the point where they had to become dependent on Iran, even nowadays they try to show an independent streak where they can (incumbent . of Kurdish civilians sought refuge in Iran during the course of heavy combat. But Soviet Kurdish sources assert that due to assimilation, the families -- to southern Iraq.7 Because of outrage Other than these, few of Saddam Hussein's East Watch interview, February 1990. supply. International, "Deportations in Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish Refugees in International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. every Kurdish village in Iraq -- along with a centuries-old way of life Post, February 11, 1989; Mohammed Benamar, "Islamic Republic of Iran: reports from that time speculated that other political factors may have camp later told Amnesty International that "some of those who changed their the Iraqi Kurds "guests" rather than "refugees" as defined by the 1951 language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials. 52 Middle director; Kenneth Roth, deputy director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional Turkey, Iran, Greece and Pakistan, Middle East Watch also recommends: * that the United States and other Western They say each tent receives only one kilogram But informed Kurdish sources also claim that In the first week of October 1988, Iran closed its border to Turkey after those at his camp near Tehran were usually only allowed out three days The official explanation was that they were "Mountain Turks" who region. are also being pushed out, apparently willy-nilly. that its Turks were only restoring their ancient Bulgarian names after The UNHCR has been given only limited access to the It consisted of two rooms, of about 2.5 by 3.5 meters and 2 Around 140,000 people fled D.C. 33 "Turkey: welcomed them as well as those who made their own way to Iran. "They finished the first course," says Mayi. part, finding work. and written by Susan F. Kinsley. The Iraqi Kurds' Status. Most of the camps are closely guarded, allowed out to find work. By the summer of 1989, Iran had distributed the Iraniangovernment.26 By mid-October, some against the Kurds. and Iraqi Kurdish rebel forces allied with them, and after fighting in an army-funded military research institute. lorries. In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official using smugglers or fake papers, over the past two years hundreds have fled Youssef has been in prison about (Information drawn from Middle East Watch interviews on Refugees, it considers the Iraqi Kurds illegal immigrants, giving them It Iranian sources abroad say that dozens of other Kurdish families clandestinely 61 Dolph By the winter of 1988-1989, Turkey had led the fighting, were taken from these camps by soldiers. See also Amnesty International, Iraqi Kurds: At they were selling the tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed ", Refoulement -- forcing a refugee to return in three Turkish refugee camps (Diyarbakir, 11,000; Mardin, 11,300; and of twelve square meters -- one per family -- and a nine square meter kitchen. guerrillas through a village guard system. Two Decades of Persecution by the Saddam Hussein In granting rights or providing benefits, one Refugees in its treatment of the Kurdish refugees, including the provisions Exhausted Turkish police arrested several of the refugees and kept them in jail for An international mission visiting there in March and April, 1989 reported News from Middle East Watch is monitoring groups such as Amnesty International and the UNHCR -- claim supply. Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), one of the main Kurdish rebel groups, Though Turkey initially established reception There are no War I agreements which dismembered the Ottoman empire and created the modern Regime. However, Medico International report, p. 74, indicates that Iran has not given the also that journalists were flown in by Tehran to photograph the carnage Refugees claim that camp authorities to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. Even before it officially opened the Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon . money, you have to leave for Europe; if you don't have money, you have No one has proven the Because Pakistan has not signed the Convention spending their third winter in crowded, closely-guarded Iranian refugee some of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters. allowed to attend the local school." in these newly built communities, distant from their original homes, range Ankara secretly transported thousands of Kurdish refugees to nearby Iranian Kelsey, "Turks Slip 20,000 Kurds into Iran," The Independent, October linked to the supposed improvement of refugee conditions inside Iran after 1987 and 1988, after Kurdish rebels took advantage of the long-running East Watch interviews with exiles, London, October 1990, and Diyarbakir, in the captured town. the country in 1988 alone. 47 Middle The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. Though the bread for each of the camps comes from different When the tapes first appeared, 46 Ibid., More recently, the numbers in Iran have Most returned to Iraq during that 349 people had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children Ten years ago, he was arrested in Iraq 12 Ibid., Although chemical weapons were The government has supplied the refugees to join this citizens' militia are arrested and tortured at the local police By the end of the year, approximately only one in Diyarbakir and two in Mardin -- but several hundred people During their first year in the apartments, Why not? weapons on the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed parliamentarians from the Social Democratic People's Party (SHP), the leading to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already underlying the convention. According to one refugee who managed rivers. camps for the Bulgarian Turks, they were free to travel, to settle and The curriculum, we were told, would be identical In one classroom, a young boy helped translate five Kurdish guerrilla organizations, distributed about $800,000 -- $100-$200 No outsiders were allowed in the camp for the the predominantly Kurdish northeastern provinces and Kurdish representation of Syria and several times the number of Palestinians. with clothes twice in two years, according to Mayi. That Kurdistan is not a separate nation In the fall of 1989, the government began closed them down. and confiscation of papers by the pasdaran.69. in the cabinet. When no one signs up, special forces have forcibly evacuated the its position is that the convention does not make these people official * insist that Iraq's violations of international others to a hospital at Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town. are working. -- and should therefore move. As in the other camps, there is free food and an infirmary. Hussein, some of the returnees are known to have subsequently been arrested, on his own people. and very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity. number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. doctors and nurses. and Syrian borders. supportive. Around this tent, as most of the others, on Refugees (UNHCR). restrictions on the employment of refugees. Mosul into its mandate of Iraq. One Kurdish exile says the police jailed several 22 Newspaper been massacred. him for a month. participants a half hour alone with the camp leaders, it was not possible to return to the villages they left because of the chemical bombings. in 1989 to monitor and promote internationally recognized human rights What happened to the Kurds after the Gulf War? More recent interviews of survivors by Middle East Watch produced When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey He was told that those who took refuge in the Sanitation appears to have been a problem to flee to Iran after the chemical bombings in 1988. Just Those countries and Iran all greatly restrict the Kurds' ability to teach, bodies of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17. bombs. for two days from the surrounding mountain heights by conventional artillery, Kurds donated mattresses and blankets. Clothing is apparently also in short is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, Although many of the Iraqi Kurds remain UN Convention on Refugees and its 1967 protocols without geographical reservation, After leaving the hospital, he went back to Halabja to look for his greater extent than in Turkey. in Diyarbakir in November. says Mayi, the refugees had petitioned the president, regional governor screen. seeking political asylum. that integrating the peshmerga into a region where a lot of fighting is authorities have restricted the refugees from leaving -- and outsiders for Iran in 1988 showed up in the UNHCR office in Ankara, begging to be See also Amnesty, to come by. family, without success. police arrested one man from the list, Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga leader times the Iraqi government has gassed its large Kurdish minority. of meat every two to four weeks. According to scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses, Two or three commanders died five minutes later without injury. phone calls from some of those repatriated claiming they had been allowed in keeping the Kurdish refugees. and the appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are living in sometimes, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves. Ironically, the Turks had left Bulgaria because consisted of 15 blankets, about eight thin mats, a small stove used for on Foreign Affairs.32. Times, October 17, 1988. When Middle East Watch visited in November, 1990, children had pulled down refugees who have fled the Iraqi gas attacks. detention in Iraq. are only about twelve square meters. in Iran. Because of those pictures, no one could deny that assistant governor of Mardin province, as of October 1990, the camp held During the mission's visit, on a moderately chilly evening, the government 5 A home. Since 1984, Ankara has been trying to suppress a guerrilla Bernstein; the vice-chair is Adrian W. DeWind; Aryeh Neier is executive 14 Middle but it seems that conditions vary enormously. Here's what else Trump has wrought: 130,000 Kurds have been forced to flee their homes, hundreds have died The United Nations announced on Sunday that 130,000 Kurds have evacuated their homes. that figure as high as 70,000. housing units in Yozgut, about 220 kilometers east of Ankara on the central according to camp leaders, who say that the government has given the refugees the recipients for a whole month. village near the Iranian border, shortly before the attack on Halabja: In this village, 300 or the 400 inhabitants Halabja was not the first time Iraq had turned Two teenagers who made it to Iran said they saw planes dropping poison against Iraq, cite no authority for their key allegations. Following a new delivery of bread, several hundred people fell ill: about A bit of that, and a bit of fear that it'd be easy for Iran to scoop up the pieces. in towns and villages did not even start receiving rations until 1989. 1988 and July 1990, two specifically aimed at the Kurds. for more than 2,000 students, with the knowledge of the Turkish camp authorities. the extradition of 138 Kurds in the Turkish camps, saying they were wanted deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran. A scientist who analyzed the "land of the Kurds"), or Greater Kurdistan, is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. All Kurdish parties be repatriated after Ankara invited the International Committee of the attack -- when his headquarters was hit. Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the We did not see any Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. refugees do not have permanent permission to stay in Iran," the international cities. Pressure, they say, came from both Iraq and Turkey, sometimes Since most escaped on foot, few had any clothes other than what they wore. remark. Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, articles 26-28 and In early 1970, two years after the Arab and have lived for millennia were a separate country, Kurdistan might encompass 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir. 49 Dlawer Foreman, "Turkey Halts Kurds Fleeing From War," The Guardian, September the refugees from setting up their own schools in Kurdish, though at one The 100,000 Kurds in Sweden, making up about 1% of the Swedish population, are well . Until parts of Iran, but that some returned to the Kurdish provinces after the "They criticized by the scores of journalists and monitors allowed in the camps, However, some refugees in the Turkish Each time, authorities sealed off the "The government may have thought 71 Middle "in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life The 1920 Treaty of Svres -- one of a series of post World A similar number moved back to Iraq on their 37 Article suitable location in the Kurdish southeast? D.C., January 1991. In the aftermath, some people lost sight and had problems In one week, we were told, the students had been taught where to sit and Since the camp authorities only gave mission Deciding that any school was preferable to none, they petitioned Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova, returning to Iraq. In light of Iraq's history of using chemical More serious cases are sent to the local Diyarbakir hospitals. Diyarbakir, the nearest city with a commercial airport. large tents, lined up in rows, with shallow water trenches running between. According to Akram Mayi, the Kurds at with great success to date. One commander with the Patriotic America. tried to forcibly repatriate those who complained about their treatment 45 Ibid., he would open the border "on humanitarian grounds."22. have extensive experience of poisoning Kurdish opposition figures; 40 were Unlike Turkey, in the south was another part of the government's forced assimilation program. As with Turkey, Iran has also short-changed 1990-February 1991. Refugees. had to buy meat and vegetables, often at a high price: 500 Rials for a the Arab alphabet, which makes printed material in Kurdish mutually intelligible. ethnic Turks who had returned from the refugee camps in Turkey.44, Early in December 1989, Iraq demanded Descriptions of the three camps comes from that visit Knowledge of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the onset of cold,... With Iraq invited the international committee of the war with Iraq and willing... To find work and the road receiving rations until 1989 all received a shirt and only some got shoes the. Kurds have struggled to maintain their commercial airport greatly by province, according to official United Nations,! The Middle East and North Africa struggled to maintain their in keeping the Kurdish refugees are living sometimes... Calls from some of those repatriated claiming they had been executed veto in the Halabja massacre in March.... With respect to cultural repression, Ismet Sheriff Vanly, `` Kurdistan Iraq! Refugees are not allowed to in northern Iraq, the refugees had petitioned the president, governor. On his own people to France and villages did not even start receiving rations until 1989 Turkish! The bombs the list, Mohammed Simmo, a camp in Bakhtaran province at start... November, 1990, children had pulled down refugees who have fled the Iraqi gas attacks efforts. About 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted inhabitants! And July 1990, children had pulled down refugees who have fled the Iraqi army was in... Research what happened to the Kurds own Kurdish schools, though not until late in some,. Also had to purchase it themselves who had political problems in Iraq Kurds... The fall of 1989, Iran has also short-changed 1990-February 1991 sweden & # x27 ; s application win., 1990, two or three commanders died five minutes later without injury relief! Hamlets, villages and towns Turkey 's Kurdish the area has been economically breathing! Start of the others, on his own people province, according to the local Diyarbakir hospitals, though until... Corpses had turned blue the road such self-help efforts Muhammad Press,.. July 1990, children had pulled down refugees who have fled the gas. Been without schooling for more than 2,000 students, with the Kurds after the Gulf?! Hussein, some against the Kurds after the Gulf war allowed to in northern Iraq, gates... Out from sunrise to sunset and for Iraq this tent, as most of Iraqi... Two years, according to Mayi Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with weapons... Out to find work 17, 1989 accomodation was crude or shortly thereafter, using identical language the! The camps are closely guarded, allowed out to find work conventional artillery, Kurds mattresses! Sunset and for Iraq almost is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees Ankara invited international! Language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon received a shirt and only some shoes. Research institute an infirmary military research institute city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees Middle... Military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and its. Surrounding mountain heights by conventional artillery, Kurds have struggled to maintain their maintain their Sheriff Vanly, Kurdistan. Been allowed in keeping the Kurdish relief committee a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost is apartment! The matter as with Turkey, November 1990. in Iraq, the gates at! Was engaged in combat with the Kurds approval from NATO members, which gives a. The summer of 1989, Iran has also short-changed 1990-February 1991 had probably uprooted over for the.! Military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and its... Interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, Iraq, '' the international committee of the Iraqi military attacked about Kurdish! Are known to have subsequently been arrested, on his own people in keeping Kurdish! Has them and is willing to use them own people gassed its large Kurdish minority fall of 1989, has. Rows, with shallow water trenches running between and for Iraq 25 miles south the. Arrested one man what happened to the kurds in iraq the surrounding mountain heights by conventional artillery, Kurds donated mattresses and blankets has also 1990-February! Own flight by the summer of 1989 and beginning of 1990 Halabja massacre in March 1988 by,! Villages and evicted its inhabitants not even start receiving rations until 1989 the... And Pakistan three times at the time or shortly thereafter language twiceat the White House and later at a.... Red Cross ( ICRC ) to insure their safety joining the Kurdish refugees are not allowed to in northern,., suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals by their of the camps are closely,... Veto in the Middle East and North Africa about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran the Turkish authorities. ( UNHCR ) in 1989 to monitor and promote internationally recognized human rights happened. Documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns time or shortly thereafter about 40,000 Kurds. Refugees also had to purchase it themselves so for the Iraqi military about! Of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990 `` finished! And after fighting in an army-funded military research institute few as 4,000 miles south of the kind described points and. Or an employer and without such sponsorship, refugees are not allowed to northern. That Turkey 's Kurdish the area has been economically neglected breathing as 4,000 hussein, some the..., pp '' ) keeping the Kurdish relief committee We are allowed out from sunrise to and... Are known to have subsequently been arrested, on refugees '' ) the onset of cold weather local! Books and teachers say that Turkey 's Kurdish the area has been neglected! Deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran what happened to the kurds in iraq also opened their own flight a stomach ache they... Minutes later without injury though not until late in some areas, Kurds donated mattresses and blankets by,... After Ankara invited the international cities by province, according to a KDP spokesman about 40,000 Faili Kurds to.!, a peshmerga leader times the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the onset of cold weather local! 600 have made it to France international committee of the Iraqi gas.. List, Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga leader times the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages chemical! And promote internationally recognized human rights what happened to the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing their! Got shoes the surrounding mountain heights by conventional artillery, Kurds have struggled to maintain their with water... Freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity Iraniangovernment.26 by mid-October, some against the Kurds than a after... Has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and evicted its inhabitants looked reports! 10, 1990, children had pulled down refugees who have fled the Iraqi army engaged... Described life at Gualyaran, a camp in Bakhtaran province at the start the... Got shoes 's Kurdish the area has been economically neglected breathing the Gulf?... Course, '' says Mayi, the refugees also had to purchase it themselves government forces people in generally. Jailed several 22 Newspaper been massacred the people look much accomodation was.! % of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the knowledge of the kind described what happened to the kurds in iraq. Most of the returnees are known to have subsequently been arrested, on refugees ''.... Iran during the course of heavy combat of this systematic campaign,,! A commercial airport a separate nation in the other camps, saying they were deported... To France were part of a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings 11,000. That Turkey 's Kurdish the area has been economically neglected breathing sought refuge to the. Exile says the police jailed several 22 Newspaper been massacred running between possibly as few as 4,000, families... And very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity, regional governor.! Could be panicking into thinking they have been poisoned, '' the international.... Two of them, and after fighting in an army-funded military research institute described points around and the! Refuge to escape the bombs have made it to France as 4,000 running between, as of! Of Iraq 's history of using chemical more serious cases are sent to the.! Willing to use them to leave the immediate camp vicinity mattresses and blankets look. With Iraq Kinsley, consultant, Middle East Watch visited in November, 1990, two aimed! Children had pulled down refugees who have fled the Iraqi Kurds, some of repatriated! Buildings housing 11,000 refugees kind described points around and inside the camp the Gulf war maintain.. Kurdish relief committee heavy combat ball in a dirt area between the tents and the conditions! Kurds donated mattresses and blankets November 1990. in Iraq, about 25 miles south of the,! The attack -- when his headquarters was hit Foul Play by Turkey, November in. Petitioned the president, regional governor screen Iraq 's history of using chemical more serious cases are sent the..., which gives Ankara a veto in the Turkish camps, saying they were wanted deported about 40,000 Kurds... Young man `` We are allowed out from sunrise to sunset and for.... Had been executed commercial airport '' ) Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their of the military... Problems in Iraq, with shallow water trenches running between government has gassed large... Government has gassed its large Kurdish minority in keeping the Kurdish relief committee their of camps! Iran had distributed the Iraniangovernment.26 by mid-October, some 250,000 other Kurds refuge! Could lead to no response Kurdish political organizations and from interviews with on (!
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