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BVD vaccines are an important part of the prevention program. Its good to know what type of cow best fits your lifestyle. When abortion is the first sign observed, the minimum incubation period is usually about 30 days. Theyre this expensive because they are pretty rare to come across. This cow is only about 37" tall. With the advent of the science of genetics, it was discovered that the very trait that made a Dexter a Dexter (short legs), was unfortunately due to a form of dominant lethal genetic mutation. These are usually aborted prior to a viable age-not something anyone wants to find in the pasture. Most animals become exposed through contact with other recently infected or persistently infected (carrier) animals that are shedding the virus. In these cases it is important for your veterinarian to submit the aborted fetus and placenta, in addition to serum samples from the dam, to the laboratory for testing. An advantage of killed BVD vaccines is that they can be used on all open and pregnant animals, thus the entire herd can be vaccinated at any time. 36" Chondro Positive Benny is an adorable little compact bull. He has stamped his calves with great conformation and disposition. Because of such strict and dedicated breeding, the miniature Lowline Angus is one of the smallest breeds in the world. Her birth date is 6/29/2018. link to How to Care for Baby Ducks Inside: The Complete Guide, Miniature cows are very affectionate and friendly pets, You can read more about calculating acreage needs and other miniature cow trivia here, read this article about house-training mini cows, Electrical milking machine for farms with many cows or cows with small teats. Some cattle breeders will choose to bring the height down on their cattle by using BD1 gene (CHONDRO +). Eevee is as short as she is wide, . Chondro positive. Carol has given you good feedback. They can graze for their food during the summer months but will need hay in the winter. Carriers of this gene appear to be much more heavily muscled, but this is because muscle that is designed to attach to a normal bone is actually compressed onto a shortened one, causing the muscle to bulge. They do very well in colder and wetter climates because of this. Cranio-: The bony vault that protects the brain is known as the cranium, which is the top portion of the skull. Those who test will receive test result certificates from Texas A&M, the official ADCA DNA lab. What does the prefix costo mean in the Collins Dictionary of Medicine? They only require half an acre of land, minimum for each animal. He produces tiny hairy babies full of color. It is all pure chance. In the case where one gene is normal and one gene is mutated, the normal gene works properly but the other genes effect is virtually nil. Keep in mind that with Dexter cows, the more food and fresh water they have, the more milk they will produce. paratuberculosis), a hardy bacterium related to the agents of leprosy and TB.Johne's disease is found worldwide. Which root word means cartilage? They would do well in a 4-H club as well.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'farmfromhome_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_3',108,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-farmfromhome_com-medrectangle-4-0'); The first thing you should know is that there are different categories of miniature cows. Our hairy little cattle are Purebred Highland Cows or Miniature Highland Crosses, . HSB Mini Cattle. here is the list of the six most common tests. Youll haul less hay during the fall. Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is an "oncogenic retrovirus" common in cattle throughout the United States. Accompanying skeletal aberrations can affect dwarf cattle's general condition and locomotion, and may or may not include a slightly undershot jaw, pug nose, protruding eyes, bowed or twisted legs, or loose or enlarged joints. . ( ). Miniature Cattle Dwarfism Miniature cattle are small cattle with BD. (1998). Owner: Broken Circle Cattle Company - Dr. Ted Hoffman, DVM . Copyright The Regents of the University of California, Davis campus. Animals that develop acute diarrhea and fever may die or have long, costly recovery periods with decreased milk production and/or growth. If susceptible (non-vaccinated) animals are infected with a virulent strain of the virus, the disease will likely appear as an acute, severe sickness, with bloody diarrhea, high fever (105107 degrees), off- feed, mouth ulcers, and often pneumonia. They tend to eat less feed and graze much more than other cows. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'farmfromhome_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_12',119,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-farmfromhome_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); These little beasts can grow to be a max of 45 inches, though many stay smaller. Affected fetuses have severe disproportionate dwarfism, a short vertebral column, a large head, and are naturally aborted around seven months of gestation. However, the only terms officially accepted for use by the ADA are chondro-carrier or chondro non-carrier. The incubation period is about three to five days. They are such social pets that they are sometimes used as animal therapy pets and in petting zoos. A herd of white miniature dexters is the most desirable. Pics of then and now! If you decide to get one as a pet with the added benefit of milk, you could get up to a gallon of milk a day. Do not purchase them through an auction market or move them with unknown cattle due to the high risk of exposure to BVDV under these conditions. Not only do they give you milk, but they dont need as much room to roam as a full-size cow does. There are ten different breeds I will be mentioning today and only briefly touching base on the details of them. Hydrops associated with chondrodysplasia of the fetus in a miniature Scottish Highland cow. Do mini cows have health issues? He has a wonderful disposition and loves his back scratches but is also very respectful of people. Not surprisingly, there are many different types of miniature cows and some key information that is important to know before getting one. And like most other miniature cows, they only need a single hot wire to keep them on your land. Especially if you plan to breed them. she is adorable. chondro-: , chondrio- ( kon'dr, kon'dr- ), 1. Score: 4.1/5 (38 votes) . Jet Li is a key ingredient to launching our trademarked Panlanders. -chondr/o is the root. C&J's Purdy Petite Pistachio. Email jessicapodany@gmail.com with any questions. She owns Paisley's Pasture, outside the Hill Country hamlet of Pipe Creek. They are born with colors ranging from black, to red, or to even all white. It wasnt long before these animals were being exported to England, and cattle in England that had the same traits were added to the gene pool. His phenomenal show confirmation set our course in the miniature cattle business and assisted in trademarking our own breed. Phenotype: Affected fetuses have severe disproportionate dwarfism, a short vertebral column,a large head, and are naturally aborted around the seventh month of gestation. He has increased strength, speed, and agility, superhuman reflexes, a superhuman healing factor, and the spider, Granite slabs are about 9 to 10 feet wide and 5 to 6 feet tall on average (slabs are displayed vertically). The costs for various DNA tests in cattle vary based on the type of test(s) being performed, the company and the number of animals being tested. An animal cannot become persistently infected after it is born. What exactly is a bulldog calf? Similarly, if new animals will be entering the herd, it is always best to vaccinate them at least a week prior to their assembly and movement, rather than waiting until they arrive in the herd. Pictured below is an example of an irresponsible breeding program. Micro/mini Highland, 38 Chondro positive. We have spent countless hours handpicking genetics, color, and temperament to provide the cutest possible calves for you! This gentle guys wild color catches the eye of anyone who visits. Crypto is a small, compact, gentle bull with a gentle disposition. They can produce just enough milk for your needs. The statistical proportion of births was longleg, shortleg, and bulldog. Quality Dexters require ALL the attention that any other breed needs, they just reward you a bit more for that effort. You could get between half a gallon to a gallon of milk per pump, and some cows can pump up to 4 times a day. x[[o~}( %KDq PIdR N3T$djwvwv.\$C"7bwRL|zxF32Q(*Tzs./j(}kG|7u`-^ g9l Y $O{|4mZ'E&JZ$?(4) ?G;v#D6)fV$E$ Once the mutation was better understood, many started to breed their shortleg Dexters with the normal as they found they still got the same proportion of shortlegs but avoided the bulldog calves. What does Chondro mean in cattle? Long Leg, Normal, Kerry Type, Dairy Type, Proportionate, Homozygous Normal. Typical terms to describe a chondrodysplastic Dexter are short-legged, shorty, chondro-positive, and chondro-carrier. *********************************************************************************. A chondro positive to chondro positive breeding resulting in what is referred to as a Bull Dog Calf. Chondro positive cattle are not "minis" (unless they were minis to start with), they are dwarfs. [Gr.] Affected fetuses have severe disproportionate dwarfism, a short vertebral column, a large head, and are naturally aborted around seven months of gestation. Miniature Panda Cows are the more expensive breed of mini cows, but they are cute as a button. They are: Short Leg, Classic Dexter, Dwarf, Achondroplastic or Chondrodysplastic Dwarf, Beef Type, Heterozygote, Carrier, Affected. The Zebu cows have very friendly characteristics and often make good pets. So, you will have to be aware of the weather and make sure to keep them warm when it gets too cold. Miniature cows are very affectionate and friendly pets. Depending on the height they measure to the hip, they will be categorized into one of three categories. This genetically transmitted disorder impacts . Both forms have their advantages and disadvantages. The mini Dexter breed is probably the least practical breed of cow to consider for a pet because of their horns. Thats about the size of most yards nowadays. Physical effects of dwarf cattle: Low birth weight and growth restriction of long bones are the most evident symptoms of chondro dwarfism. What is small, you ask? Bulldog dwarfism in Dexter cattle is caused by mutations in ACAN. If it is not well vaccinated, or if the history is unknown, two doses of killed (2 weeks apart) or one dose of modified live vaccine (non pregnant animals only) are be indicated. The Chondro gene, short for CHONDRODYSPLASIA,is what gives some Dexter cattle their short legged stature. endobj Malacia is a type of abnormal softening of a biological tissue that is most commonly cartilage. Before moving, test all cattle not previously tested for persistent BVDV infection (BVDV carriers). Although size is the breed's most distinguishing characteristic, Dexters are a useful, productive, multi-purpose animal. . He was our first miniature highland chondro positive bull. We inoculated 6 cattle with SARS-CoV-2; of these animals, 2 later tested positive for the virus in PCR of nasal swab samples and show specific seroconversion by RBD-ELISA. We have semen straws . Why would I want this chondro gene anyway? % If it seems to good to be true, it most likely is. Which root word means cartilage? In medical terms, what does cranio mean? It is not a "bad" thing to be avoided. This makes it easier to own more cows per acre of land you own, and they often produce better milk and are much more kind. But are they as healthy as the average five-year-old toddler? Mini Zebus grow to about 36 to 38 inches in height, but you could find some as small as 26 inches. What does the word Chondro mean when it comes to combining forms? So, there is no gene tracking to make sure they have the mini gene. When taking care of them, you will need to keep a good stock of salt blocks and lots of fresh water. Cold Brew Mini Red HighPark 42" Chondro negative This gentle guy's wild color catches the eye of anyone who visits. . The eventual point, added to this thread, of this drawn-out presentation, is that the mating of a non chondro, and a chondro positive Dexter has produced 4 entirely different calves. ( ). The signs of BVD vary, depending on the immune status of the exposed animals, and the strain of the infecting virus. If blood is drawn during the acute phase of the disease the laboratory can often isolate the virus from the white blood cells (buffy coat). It is implemented on the farm in conjunction with the core module of NYSCHAP as a joint effort between the State Veterinarian (NYS Dept. An advantage of modified live BVD vaccines is that they stimulate the entire immune system (both cell- mediated and humoral immunity). The practice of starting the, If you ride another horse, how do you get Shadowmere back? When cattle are well vaccinated (as is more common today) and not heavily stressed, the disease is usually much less severe, and often the only visible signs are sporadic abortions and/or repeat breeding. Most of my cattle areminiature breeds that have been small for generations (Aberdeen, Hereford, Dexter), but if you are trying to introduce characteristics of slightly larger cattle such as the White Park coloring, or Highland hair in a smaller package, this chondrogene can be very useful. (HN) or a carrier of the chondro gene (HC). In medical terms, what does in entail? It is not a "bad" thing to be avoided. However, since colostral antibodies are effective in preventing infection in young animals, the disease is seldom seen before 3 months of age when management includes adequate feeding of colostrum from immune dams. Right there is where the similarities end as they are vastly different problems. What does Chondro mean in cattle? They make wonderful pets and companions, and they are pretty self-sufficient, especially with their own young. This little shortie heifer is EVERYTHING! <> Though its important to note that they need regular vaccinations against parasite control to protect against leptospirosis. Gelbvieh cattle are a mid-large sized breed. Miniature Holstein Cows are known for being extremely friendly and docile. Costoclavicular is a compound word that uses a combining form that means rib.. Occasionally an animal will die very quickly, before other signs are apparent. A second mutation in the same gene BD2 (198C>T) accounts for bulldog dwarfism in one particular bull lineage. Can breeding Chondro positive cattle be done responsibility? <>>> In peak production, a normal-sized cow can offer 6 to 10 gallons of milk per day. Especially a family with small children.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'farmfromhome_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_8',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-farmfromhome_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Miniature cows make good pets because they are extremely loving and gentle. Paired with their sweet nature, they eat far less feed than most miniature cows. He supplies his buyers with the documentation for their new baby. Two years later they find themselves in a position to no longer be able to keep their bovine friend so they sell it as a true mini because thats what they think Chondro positive means. This pairing carries a 25% risk of producing what is referred to as a bulldog calf (named for it's big headed appearance). The ADCA recommends that owners who wish to breed the carrier type mate carriers with non-carriers to avoid their cows having bulldog calves. They love. Miniature cows are about one-half to a third the size of a normal cow. There is a large variation in effect of this single-gene mutation, with some animals being proportionate and very attractive, while others are strongly disproportionate with a dwarf-like appearance. Chondro- is a combination form that means cartilage or grain as a prefix. For more information visit the American Dexter Cattle Association. Some cows, if exposed between approximately 60 and 120 days of pregnancy, may not lose their fetus, but rather may go on to deliver a persistently infected (PI) carrier calf. Thus it is important to maintain a strong BVDV vaccination program that will minimize this type of transmission and allow containment of the virus before it infects a large portion of the herd. They can grow to about 200 to 500 pounds and sweetly enough, the mothers carry their babies for nine months, just like humans. Because genes work in pairs, three different results are possible depending on the gene combination. Even though the genome loads detected in animal 768 at day 3 were low, there is evidence that this animal was confronted with real viral replication. They can be very playful when they are young but often grow into a more mature and loving companion. Dexter cattle have a unique genetic mutation that causes defective bone growth. Oh Boy! The new owner has no idea about the Chondro gene at all and start their breeding program with their new mini selling untested calves to unknowing individuals. Harper, P.A., Latter, M.R., Nicholas, F.W., Cook, R.W., & Gill, P.A. They can live up to 25 years if they are well taken care of. No vaccine is expected to afford 100% fetal protection. So, you would have to worry less about losing a baby to this terrible mutation. He is incredibly well built, with his awesome feet, straight legs, wide back and exceptionally well muscled body. At first, they focused on the Scottish Highland breed. . and HighPak cowsthatmaintainthemselves on grass/hay alone. Australian Veterinary Journal, 76, 199-202. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb10129.x, Cavanagh, J.A., Tammen, I., Windsor, P.A., Bateman, J.F., Savarirayan, R., Nicholas, F.W., & Raadsma, H.W. Chondrodysplasia is a form of dwarfism caused by the dominant allele of the ACAN gene. Miniature Holstein cows measure at about 42 inches in height, so they would be considered a midsize miniature cow. Some, however, will look like a smaller version of a normal cow. Miniatures may also be chondro positive, meaning they possess the gene that makes their legs shorter. 1:56 MINS. great addition to our miniature breeding program. The only thing pet owners should keep a look out for is bulldog syndrome, also known as lethal chondrodysplasia. So, the miniature breed is substantially smaller. They reproduce quickly and can start as early as 2 or 3 years old. The problem is that most of the names are either inaccurate or . The effect on the length of the bone can be compared to the difference in vertical height between a house of playing cards, and a deck used for 52-pick-up. The persistently infected (PI carrier) animal is easy to detect. They are more expensive than their full-size companions but need only a half an acre per mini cow. Benny is an adorable little compact bull. Miniature cattle require less feed, less land, and smaller trailers than full-size cows, but they don't remain calf-size forever. They are very gentle and would be ideal as a pet for a family with small children. Abortions, infertility, and/or embryonic deaths associated with BVD lead to significantly reduced reproductive performance and increased premature culling. But they can make good milking cows for any small farm. Lil Bit is our . In medical terms, what does in entail? 40 inches or below (at age 3) some will call a dwarf. It is not yet known what gene causes the two differences.There is nothing that I can find in the research that would indicate that this gene would positively influence the breed by adding it to the genetic pool of the Highlands. Individual animals and distinct herds can be expected to show a variation on the average. About Our Breeding Stock. BVDV infection is diagnosed on the basis of the clinical signs plus confirmation through necropsy findings and laboratory tests of blood samples. They make great pets because they are so calm and friendly. This is actually not the most accurate way to measure a cow, but it is a good way to give an easy visual on how small some of themreally are. If you decide to buy one, keep in mind that they are often cheaper as babies because the grown Zebu often shows potential for profit. While the majority of our cows are Scottish Highlands, we have also obtained some Highland crosses, British Whites, Shorthorns, and Belted-Galloways. This calf was carried full term. So, if you plan on breeding your mini Herefords, you can start as soon as they are fully mature. Do not allow carriers on the farm. Whether you are raising ducklings Hi, we're the Cleggs -Welcome and thank you for visiting!We've recently converted most of our 1/3 acre yard into agriculture / food production and Farm From Home is where we share what we've learned about urban backyard farming. These cows look somewhat similar to the Jersey Cow, but instead of flat backs, they have humps around their hips and shoulders. If two serum samples are obtained, one in the acute phase and one a few weeks later, a rise in serum antibodies (SN test) between the two samples also confirms BVDV infection. Most look like a dwarf, dished face, short legs, large abdomen. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'farmfromhome_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_7',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-farmfromhome_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); Fun fact about Holstein Cows, they have held the record for milk production for years now, and the world record was set in 2017 when a Holstein cow produced over 78,000 pounds of milk in a year. Breeding carrier animals together will produce 25% affected fetuses. She is about 33" at the point of the hip measured with a proper measuring stick with a built in level. Pounder is the most impressive miniature Highland bull we have set our eyes on. We test all new cows for this reason. Breeding to another carrier will produce 25% affected calves. chondro- combining form : cartilage achondro plasia chondrocyte Word History Etymology combining form from Greek chndros "grain (of wheat, salt, etc. Aug 15, 2019 They provide excellent milk and beef in addition to being wonderful pets.. And in some ways, they can be beneficial to the family. And in some ways, they can be beneficial to the family. They are most active during the day and love to roam fields and roll around in the hay. Sadly, it also leads to death. Why would I want this chondro gene anyway? Theyre cousins, the full-sized Holstein stands at about 58 inches in height. Vaccinate with BVD vaccine two weeks prior to moving. With that knowledge, owners can make informed breeding choices. It will keep them extra warm in the winter months when any other breed of cow needs special housing. The virus is widespread and most herds are at risk for infection. You can milk some up to 3 times a day, every day, for the entire 305 days of lactation a year. Does Tom Holland Spider-Man have super strength? When we started our miniature cattle program Kung Fu panda was the first miniature bull produced that met our expectations. For those matings, the statistical proportions were shortleg, normal. If any such carriers are detected, they must be removed from the herd immediately. rn?BpC@eys)2DGhl=7# nE-PP5uK%rli3+\m)g.:= bi[{|2`(Y@JC .RE/-/(#NMi )hl[y4{e&RfO1coz6v{kiEz[%& Chondro, for example, is a cartilage-like substance called chondroid. Rather than give up the appearance they preferred, owners chose to live with the problem. Their milk could actually make you a profit, enough to replace what you spend in feed and more. Because they eat less, there will be less for you to clean up and keep up with. They can live pretty much anywhere as long as they are kept warm in the cold months with a heat lamp and a small barn, and they are given ample time to graze fresh grass and eat hey. Congenital joint laxity and dwarfism (CJLD), congenital spinal stenosis, or congenital chondrodystrophy of unknown origin (CCUO), also known as acorn calves, or bulldog calves, is the cause of affected calves. A 2016 publication reported the presence of the BD1 mutation in Miniature Scottish Highland cattle. If any diseases are noted, remove the affected animals immediately, and call the veterinarian to establish a diagnosis and treatment regime. There is no safe way to breed this mutated gene, and it holds no benefit to the breed. A Dexter with one chondrodysplasia allele is called a carrier. Meaning: cartilage. Though this miniature breed can seem intimidating at first glance, they have a milder and toned-down version of their larger cousins attitude. Scotch is a miniature 38" polled highland cross cow and was born in 2019. Some breeds may be less practical because of their horns and the accidents that may ensue because of them. This breed of cow is brave and cant be scared easily. They have a long coarse outer coat of hair that lays atop a soft inner coat. Some, however, will look like a smaller version of a normal cow. They live between about 12 to 25 years, so anyone looking to get one as a pet will be making a long-term commitment. All rights reserved. Calves born to test negative pregnant replacements must also be tested. It was expected that over time, the breed would stabilize and all those animals that did not match the trademark look and size would be bred out, and owners would be left with the best of the lovely little cattle they preferred. ), seed, groats, gristle, cartilage (this sense perhaps from the gritty texture of cartilage when chewed)," of uncertain origin Their milk is perfect for making cheese and cream as well. To put it to scale, there are under a hundred Panda cattle in the world. Wally is a seal tipped Chondro Negative HighPark bull. Because we are dealing with a form of dominant gene, many carriers can be identified visually. They can live more than 20 years and breed throughout their entire life span, so if its babies you want, its babies you will get. Pandarosa Miniature Ranch will forever be grateful to Kung Fu Panda. That is just how these cows are born. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'farmfromhome_com-banner-1','ezslot_5',110,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-farmfromhome_com-banner-1-0'); Not to mention theyre diets are about as small as they are. This means that an animal that has one Bulldog allele will be Affected with chondrodysplasia and have a slightly disproportionate build and a choppy gait. This certificate will serve as evidence to cattle buyers and consumers that animals, milk, and meat from this herd have a value-added component in the form of reduced risk for both cattle diseases and foodborne pathogens. It is an easy test that involvessending hair samples to the UC Davis lab. And if you do, you might have to pay a pretty hefty price to get one. Mares; Stallions; Foals; Sales; Sheep. The Chondro gene, short for CHONDRODYSPLASIA, is what gives some Dexter cattle their short legged stature. Newborn chondro calves normally present with dished faces and loose hips (soft cartilage), which they outgrow (the cartilage firms up to normal), and shorter legs, especially the cannon bones. An effective BVDV prevention program is based on maximizing immunity and minimizing exposure of the herd to the virus. Fax: (607) 253-3943 Right now the height of our mini cows at the top of thehip is 43 down to a tiny 35 tall. Sometimes this is just because of an indi- The only way it could be done responsibility is for the breeder to follow every animal produced that is positive for the rest of its life, and that is not possible. However this does not hold true 100% of the time. Funnily enough, Lowline Angus was bred accidentally. Alana . The report described a stillborn calf delivered by caesarian section that was diagnosed with chondrodystrophic dwarfism and hydrocephalus, characteristics compatible with bulldog malformations. Other species miniature breeds, such as dogs, have been linked to genetically related health issues. of Ag and Markets) and your herd veterinarian. What does syn entail? They stay relatively small and dont need to be bred to get that small. 1-19 samples:$4.00/test>20 samples:$3.00/test. C&J's Purdy Petite Scotch. Dwarfism in cattle is a genetic condition created when the calf receives mutated genes from one or both parents. Mammalian Genome, 18, 808-814. doi: 10.1007/s00335-007-9066-9, Cabrera, L. C., McNabb, B. R., Woods, S. E., Cartoceti, A. N., & Busch, R. C. (2016). +L0C;W It leads to physical deformity in places such as the limbs, face, and spine. Thischondrogene is different from a typical "dwarf gene" which often comes with health issues unless you breed carrier to carrier. From farm to home, if you plan to care for baby ducks inside (or even if you plan to move them to an outdoor pen later), there is a lot of information to collect. The mini Jersey cow will stay around 36 to 42 inches in height and around 700 pounds in weight. Although they will do well being raised in America, they thrive best in habitats that resemble their own. $45 Dexter BD1 Bulldog Dwarfism + two tests from list below She loves to get nose to nose and get a neck rub. $5$;<5"0)>ExPy8|>9bI{- A disadvantage of modified live BVD vaccines is there may be label restrictions against using them on some or all pregnant animals, thus their use in mixed populations of bred and open animals must be carefully controlled. At least 15 business days; may be delayed beyond 15 business days if sample requires additional testing, or a new sample is requested. This animal sheds so much virus that a viral antigen in its serum readily confirms its condition. What does Chondro mean in cattle? Chondro positive cattle are not minis (unless they were minis to start with), they are dwarfs.
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what is chondro positive in cattle