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Page 280. I freely admit that my initial spark of curiosity about Sepa was due to His being a son of Sekhmet, but without knowing from whence that came historically, I am hesitant to put my full weight on it as a bridge to Him. Page 305. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. Noval-Morales, D. Y. Centipedes are predators and eat a wide variety of insects and small animals. The Culture of the Bontoc Igorot. Ortiz, Tomas (1731). Scott, William Henry (1994).Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society. The Journal of American Folklore. Kabunian: supreme deity and chief among the high ranking deities above the skyworld; Afunijon: also a general term referred to the deities of heaven, which is also called Afunijon, Mah-nongan: also a general term for deities who are given animal sacrifices, Ampual: the god of the fourth skyworld who bestowed animals and plants on the people; controls the transplanting of rice, Bumingi: in charge of worms, one of the eleven beings importuned to stamp out rice pests. Kurita: an amphibious animal with several limbs and lived on land and sea; haunts Mount Kabalalan, and slayed by Rajah Solayman; Tarabusar: a humongous human-like creature who lived in Mount Matutum; slayed by Rajah Solayman, Pah: a bird of prey as big as a house and whose wings caused darkness on the ground; lives in Mount Bita and slayed by Rajah Solayman at Mount Gurayn, Monster of Mount Gurayn: a seven-headed monster at Mount Gurayn, who was slayed by Rajah Indarapatra, Wife of Rajah Indarapatra: daughter of a local ruler who hid in a cave due to the number of monsters in Maguindanao; married to Rajah Indarapatra and gave birth to their children; they were entrusted to her father, the local ruler, after Rajah Indarapatra returned to Mantapoli, Tohan: the supreme deity who is perfect, having no defect; can cause and stop earthquakes and pestilence; later also called as Allah by Muslim converts, Sun Deity: divine being depicted in an anthropomorphic form as a flaming young man; angels serve as his charioteers, Moon Deity: divine being depicted in an anthropomorphic form as a beautiful young woman; angels serve as her charioteers, Jinn: beings who live in the atmosphere which serves as a buffer zone between the skyworld and the earth, called Oraonan a Lantoy, known for possessing a garden of flowers and vegetables, Walain sa Letingan: the princess-goddess living in a skyworld region called Magoyeda a Selegen, Papanok sa Aras: children who died prematurely and were transformed into birds of paradise living in the skyworld region called Sorga, Houris: heavenly maidens blessed with eternal beauty and perpetual virginity, Lumpong: a large animal who carries the earth; accompanied by a small shrimp that sometimes claws on the earth-holder from time to time, causing the phenomena of earthquakes, Sakar: a monster in the underworld where disrespectful children are trapped in its belly, Walain Katolosan: the goddess who owns the amulet Sikag a Makaombaw, Tonong: divine spirits who often aid heroes; often lives in nonok trees, seas, lakes, and the sky realm, Apo: benign tornado and waterspout spirits; a classification of tonong; they are the ancestral spirits tasked to kill or drive away evil spirits, Sakit: maligant harmful spirits responsible for diseases; a classification of tonong, Saitan: malignant possessing spirits; a classification of tonong, Inikadowa: the benign spirit double or guardian of a person, who is with the person when the baby is born; a classification of tonong; the placenta is their manifestation, Tolos: a class of tonong who inhabit the sky realms; prayed to, especially in times of battle and protection for quests; referred to as gods, Pinatola a Tonong: the ancestor of all unseen benevolent spirits; a tonong who takes the form of a gigantic crocodile at sea, a garuda in air, and a giant on land; a guardian spirit of Diwata Ndaw Gibon, Pinatoli i Kilid: a tonong who takes the form of a gigantic crocodile; the guardian spirit of the king of Bemberan, Diwata Ndaw Gibon; clashed with Ladalad a Madali, grandson of Gibon; later gave valuable information to Madali; during the battle of Madali and Pirimbingan, Madali was aided by Pinatoli i Kilid against Pirimbingan's spirit guardian, Magolaing sa Ragat, Magolaing sa Ragat: a tonong of the enchantress Walain Pirimbangan; took the form of a gigantic crocodile, Sikag a Makaombaw: the intelligent and independent tonong (spirit) living within the Sikag a Makaombaw amulet, regarded as the most powerful amulet of all due to its ability to grant its wielder authority over all tonong, Salindagaw Masingir: a tonong of the hero Awilawil o Ndaw; acts as the guardian-spirit of the kingdom of Kaibat a Kadaan, Walain sa Lekepen: a goddess courted by the hero Bantogen, Diwata ko sa Magaw: spirit of destruction; a tolos or deity, Minoaw a Minepen: powerful spirit of the sky; a tolos or deity, Naga: dragons who repel evil spirits; a specific huge Naga is said to encircle the world, Arimaonga: a giant lion who causes lunar eclipses, Gabriel: an angel who reported to the supreme deity the overpopulation of the kingdom of Mantapoli, which resulted in its transfer and the creation of Lake Lanao, Malakal Maut: the angel of death; takes the souls of someone after three to seven days from the falling of the person's leaf from the sacred Sadiarathul Montaha tree in the realm called Sorga; appears either a handsome prince or a grotesque monsters, depending if the soul he is getting comed from a sinner or a virtuous person; punishes the souls of sinners until final judgment, while lifting up the souls of the good onto heaven, Tonong of Lake Lanao: there are many tonong of Lake Lanao, who are invoked during certain rituals such as the kashawing rice ritual, Aya Diwata Mokom sa Kaadiong a Lopa: father of the three rulers of the three kingdoms from the Darangen; a half-tonong and a half-human, Daromoyod an Olan: mother of the three rulers of the three kingdoms from the Darangen; a half-jinn and a half-human, Rulers of the Three Main Kingdoms from the Darangen: all three are siblings, Diwata Ndaw Gibon: a semi-divine hero who ruled the kingdom of Iliyan a Bembaran, which was a favord abode of the tonong; had two sons with his head-wife Aya Panganay Bai, and a total of five daughters from five other wives, Awilawil o Ndaw: a semi-divine hero who ruled the kingdom of Kaibat a Kadaan, Dalondong a Mimbantas: a semi-divine hero ruled the kingdom of Gindolongan Marogong, which possessed the enchanted river Pagayawan that refuses to flow without the presence of thunder, Aya Panganay Bai: married to Diwata Ndaw Gibon, who she has two sons; came from a place known as Minangoaw a Ronong, Tominaman sa Rogong: firstborn son of Diwata Ndaw Gibon and Aya Panganay Bai; succeeded his father as ruler of Iliyan a Bembaran, Magondaya Boisan: secondborn son Diwata Ndaw Gibon and Aya Panganay Bai; expanded the kingdom of Bembaran together with his brother-king, Tominaman sa Rogong, Pasandalan a Rogong: son of Tominaman sa Rogong, Bantogen: son of Tominaman sa Rogong; he courted the goddess Walain sa Lekepen, and was assumed missing by his people, leading to a search journey; returned with Madali to their kingdom, Ladalad a Madali: son of Magondaya Boisan; went into a journey to rescue his cousin Bantugen, and all those who first came to find Bantugen; can become invisible with the aided of his guardian spirits; aided by his grandfather's guardian spirit Pinatoli i Kilid who clashed with the Walain Pirimbangan's guardian spirit; shapeshifted into a woman to take the amulet of the goddess Walain Katolosan, foiling the plan of Pirimbangan, Walain Pirimbangan: an enchantress from Danalima a Rogong who imprisoned Bantugen and all the leaders of Bembaran who rescued him; aided by her guardian spirit, Magolaing sa Ragat, Maharadia Lawana: a man with eight heads who was banished for his bad mouth; tried to kill himself, but failed upon the intervention of the angel Gabriel, Kapmadali: a hero who battled Pinatola a Tonong, Pilandok: a cunning man who tricked various people from a blind man to a kingdom's ruler. ICCA Registry. Let's look at some of the ways people have incorporated insects into their magical practice throughout the ages, as well as specific insects and their folklore and legends. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your device and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies, Volume 5. p. 52. The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898. de Castro, Lourdes. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. A cookie which helps me track how many visitors come to my site and what pages they look at. Design courtesy Andi Mancuso Studios. Ibalon: Tatlong Bayani ng Epikong Bicol. WebThe following is a list of gods, goddesses, deities, and many other divine, semi-divine, and important figures from classical Philippine mythology and indigenous Philippine folk religions collectively referred to as Anito, whose expansive stories span from a hundred years ago to presumably thousands of years from modern times.The list does not include creatures; Jumala, F. C. (2013). (2017). I reverted the food offerings, but left the water on the shrine to evaporate naturally (a slow process in a humid environment), my way of providing a longer-term offering symbolic of that which sustains all lifeincluding centipedes. Fundacin Santiago, 1995. Manila: National Museum. Webdeities associated with centipedesgriffin park demolishedgriffin park demolished Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). Ethnographies of Conservation: Environmentalism and the Distribution of Priviledge. Bran in Welsh really means crow, but sometimes with references to head, height, hill, in the sense of headmaster, sir. Magno, R. M. (1992). Sepa, Centipede God. Manila: Summer Institute of Linguistics. Asiaweek Limited, 1986. Philippine Studies Vol. Page 201. Page 12. Nearly all cultures have some sort of spider mythology, and folktales about these crawly creatures abound! Indigenous Peoples and Community Conserved Areas and Territories Consortium. Dutton & Co., Inc. Lutero, C. D. (1986). (2016). Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs. Historical Conservation Society. C & E Publishing. Tenorio, J., Stuart A. Schlegel, S. A. Cole, M. C. (1916). Summer Institute of Linguistics-Philippines, Inc. Hussin, H. (2010). Ramirez y Giraudier, 1860. Holy Angel University. Manila. Historical Dictionary of the Philippines. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. 4, Special Issue: Cebuano Literary Studies: Double Marginalization and Speaking Back: A Reading of Three Post-Colonial Texts. Hislop, S. K. (1971). (1979). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society. Far Eastern University Faculty Journal, Volume 12. Philippine Short Stories. E. Floro, 1950. Want to shed the baggage of your old life and embrace a new and beautiful one? Socio-cultural History of Mamanwa Adaptations of Community in Sitio Palayan, Barangay Caucab, Almeria Biliran. Incorporate the earthworm into your magical workings. Journal of International Development and Cooperation of Hiroshima University. University of the Philippines, 1967. Their favorite prey is small insects, including beetles, termites, beetle larvae, and earthworms. Arnaiz, V. C. (2014). Kikuchi, Y. Numbers and Units in Old Tagalog. 2: The Tiruray. 9 Magical Insects and Their Folklore. Centipedes are heavily dependent on water, since they dry out easily, so cool water is an exceptionally appropriate offering for a centipede god of the desert. Reyes y Florentino, Isabelo de los. Philippine Folk Literature: The Legends. Species listing, distribution, and molecular identification of macrofungi in six Aeta tribal communities in Central Luzon, Philippines. Manila: Impr. Talavera, Manalo, Baybay, Saludario, Dizon, Mauro, Porquerino, Novela, Yakit, Banares, Francisco, Inocencio, Rongavilla, Cruz (2013). T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. Spiders may be scary, but they can be magical too!. Williams, M. S. (1997). 4: The Tinguians and Their Old Form of Worship. Ateneo University Press, 2005. In fact, the scarab beetle also known as the dung beetle, because it rolls animal droppings into balls factors predominantly into legends detailing the creation of the earth and the universe itself. Lets look at some of the magical meanings behind butterflies. Southeast of Zamboanga. Cole, F. C. (1956). The Philippine Archipelago: The Spanish Creation of the Philippines: The Birth of a Nation. Yabes, L. Y. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. 3: The Myth of the Sleeping Hero: Three Philippine Cases. Philippine Mythology. Labayo, C. C. (2019). XIV. Aguilar, C. G. (1994). Intutungcho (Kabunian): the supreme deity living above; Lumawig: also referred as the supreme deity and the second son of Kabunian; an epic hero who taught the Bontoc their five core values for an egalitarian society. Isneg Tales. University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies, Volume 5. Saway, V. L. The Talaandig. NewCAPP (2014). Diccionario mitologico de Filipinas. Cole, M. C. (1916). 1977. Noceda, Juan de (1754). Cayat, G. C. Manuscript on Kalanguya Cultural Communities. Benedict, L. W. (1916). WebNemty - Falcon god, worshipped in Middle Egypt, who appears in myth as a ferryman for greater gods. CABI. Anting-anting: o kung bakit nagtatago sa loob ng bato si bathala. Page 13. (1913). Fernandez, Doreen G. 1978. ien- ing: St.-Gabriel-Verlag. WebThe mayura named Citramekhala is associated with Saraswati, a deity representing benevolence, patience, kindness, compassion and knowledge. Jocano, F. L. (1967). The T'boli: Songs, Stories and Society. Castao, F. J. Mikkelsen, H. H. (2016). Philippine Sociological Society. It was unknown to Old World cultures so not historically likely to have a connection with deities of European cultures. Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves, y coordinado. The number 1 is also associated with Allah, Aphrodite the Greek Goddess of Love, Apollo the Greek God of Communication, Diana the Roman Goddess of the Hunt, Vesta the Roman Hearth Goddess, Frey the Norse Hearth Goddess, Jehovah, the Egyptian God Neter and the Chinese God Pangu. University of Manila., 1956. Ouano-Savellon, R. (2014). Unabia, C. C. (1986). The praying mantis is a beautiful insect and can also be deadly if youre another praying mantis. Because of this, it has long been the subject of magical folklore and legend in a variety of societies and cultures. Sepa was sometimes given the head of a donkey (possibly to reflect the fact that donkey manure was used to improve the fertility of soil). Religion and Society Among the Tagbanuas of Palawan Island, Philippines. (1895). Cultural Center of the Philippines. Diccionario mitologico de Filipinas. Cultural Center of the Philippines. University of San Carlos Publications. Lalahon: the goddess of fire, volcanoes, and the harvest; Santonilyo: a deity who brings rain when its image is immersed at sea; Magbibaya: a deity similar to the god Magbabaya of the Bukidnon, Rizal: a culture-hero who is said to return in favor of his people's struggle for genuine freedom; based on a historical person, Leon Kilat: a hero who is said will return to the people together with Rizal and Bonifacio in Cebu; based on a historical person, Pantaleon Villegas, Buhawi: also called Kano, a hero who will someday return to aid his people in their struggle in Negros; based on the historical person, Ponciano Elopre, Libo: the first child and son of Sicabay and Sicalac; was taken south after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a brown-skinned race, Saman: the first daughter and second child of Sicabay and Sicalac; was taken south after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a brown-skinned race, Pandaguan: a younger son of Sicabay and Sicalac; a clever man who invented the fish trap which caught a giant shark; father of Arion; challenged to overpower the gods, and was punished by zapping, Arion: son of Pandaguan who was taken north after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a white-skinned race, Son of Saman and Sicalac: was taken east after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a yellow-skinned race. Page 22. Pedro de(1613). Lulu.com, 2018. Eugenio, Damiana L. (1993). Sepa has been depicted as a mummiform man with two small horns on His head; I wonder if these horns correspond with centipede forcipules. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. In Our Islands, Our People: The Histories and Cultures of the Filipino Nation, edited by Cruz-Lucero, R. Clavel, L. S. (1972). While the woolly bears predictive ability may sound magical (and has been known for centuries), it was actually scientifically studied in the early 1950s, by Dr. C. H. Curran. Page 872. The Bukidnon of Mindanao. North Atlantic Books. Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs. Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Folklorists Inc. Vanoverbergh, M. (1955). Unfortunately, on short notice, the most reliable information I can find on Sepa is the aforementioned link to Henadology, and the primary reference for that article is in French (which is fine) but not among my personal collection (which is less fine), so I cant verify it first-hand. POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2018). (2019). Hurao in the middle of Samar; more powerful than his sons, including Maka-andog, Tigalhong: brother of Maka-andog; first inhabitant of Leyte, Delalaman: a giant who defeated a priest in a challenge; remained faithful to the old faith, and was never baptised, just like Maka-andog and the other ancestors, Dawisan: one of 912 children of Maka-andog who inherited his father's strength and magic, Yugang: a wife of Maka-andog associated with the gold loom, Ai Suno: the supreme child deity also called Salvador Suno; later conflated with the Child Jesus due to Christian influence, Baroko: the bird who aided in the retrieval of the Lingganay nga Ugis (silver bell), which it dropped at Kamayaan river and can only be retrieved by Ai Suno when he returns on land, free his people from bondage and give them their second bodies; if the bell is retrieved by someones else, a great deluge will occur, Pinay: the founder of the Eskaya language and script; in some sources, Datahan, a historical person who founded an Eskaya school, is said to be a reincarnation of Pinay, Tumud Babaylan: custodian of a sacred silver bell who was stolen by a Spanish priest named Prayleng Vicente; retrieved the stolen by through the aid of a bird called Baroko, who flew with the bell, Humabad: a priest-ruler of Opon, known for his treachery of welcoming the foreigner Magellan and conducting a blood compact with him, Umanad: the epic hero and ruler of Cortes who refused to be baptized and subjugated by Magellan; he allied himself with Lapu-Lapu of Mactan and bravely waged war against Humanad upon his return to Bohol, which ended with Humabad's death and a mortally wounded Umanad, Daylinda: wife of Umanad who was baptized by Magellan; was afterwards gently cast away by Umanad; committed ritual suicide due to the death of her husband, Dangko: the ruler of Talibon who refused to be baptized and subjugated by Magellan, Iriwan: an aide provided by Lapu-lapu to Umanad; became a good friend of Umanad; aided Umanad in his battle against Humabad; sailed Umanad's mortally-wounded body to Cortes through the mystical snaking river Abatan-Waji. Far Eastern University (1967). CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art: Peoples of the Philippines (1994). Philippiniana Sacra, Volume 37, Issues 109-111. Brighid is a protector of hearth and home, and Juno and Vesta are both patronesses of marriage. Hes also invoked against the Uncreated One [2], Some ethnic groups have pantheons ruled by a supreme deity (or deities), while others revere ancestor spirits and/or the spirits of the natural world, where there is a chief deity but consider no deity supreme among their divinities. Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016). Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press. Page 40. The History of Sumatra: Containing An Account Of The Government, Laws, Customs And / Manners Of The Native Inhabitants. Some deities of ethnic groups have similar names or associations, but remain distinct from one another. Tiongson, N. G., Barrios, J. vii. University of the Philippines. Filipino Heritage, II. (2021, September 20). Dont laugh. Page 630. Philippine Folk Literature: The Folktales. Rex Book Store, Inc. San Agustn, G. (1998). Washington: Catholic Anthropological Conference. An Account of Personhood, Identity and Bodily Knowledge amongst the Batak of Palawan Island (the Philippines).

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