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[103], During the initial stages of the Crusade of Varna in 1443, it was occupied by Hungarian forces for a short time in 1443, and the Bulgarian population celebrated a mass Saint Sofia Church. The authors examine issues related to classification of female jail inmates by profiling the female inmate population and discussing problems associated with using a single classification system for both male and female inmates or a gender-neutral system. It has a humid continental climate. [81] The earliest mention of the city comes from an Athenian inscription from the 1st century BC, attesting Astiu ton Serdon, i.e. [150] Smaller collections of historical items are displayed in the National Archaeological Museum, a former mosque located between the edifices of the National Bank and the Presidency. [157] There are also various other sports complexes in the city which belong to institutions other than football clubs, such as those of the National Sports Academy, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, or those of different universities. This process will consider behavior and such other objective factors as are available and relevant when assessing an individual's institutional security needs. Level 4 -The security level that is the next degree higher than Level 3, and requires more security/supervision than Level 3. Only over 1% of the juridically married do not de facto live within marriage. Prison classification is a method of assessing inmate risks that balance security requirements with program needs. These include the 4th century Rotunda of St. George, the walls of the Serdica fortress and the partially preserved Amphitheatre of Serdica. In 1925, a terrorist act of ultra-leftists failed their attempted assassination of the king but resulted in the destruction of the Saint Nedelya Church and many victims. [78][87] It gradually became the most important Roman city of the region. The highest recorded temperature is 41C (106F) (5 July 2000 and 24 July 2007). Several smaller parks, among which the Vazrazhdane Park, Zaimov Park, City Garden and the Doctors' Garden, are located in central Sofia. However, due to the bad communication between the private offshore company that runs the resort and Sofia municipality, most of the ski areas have been left to decay in the last 10 years, so that only one chairlift and one slope work. It was proposed as a capital by Marin Drinov and was accepted as such on 3 April 1879. [84][85][86] The ancient city is located between TZUM, Sheraton Hotel and the Presidency. [165] The real GDP (PPP) per capita growth at the time was 2.5% and the employment went up by 3.4% to 962,400. [47] The coldest recorded year was 1893 with an average January temperature of 10.4C (13F) and an annual temperature of 8.2C (46.8F). The assembly members are chosen every four years. Bulgaria's largest art museums are located in the central areas of the city. [212] A number of research and cultural departments operate within SU, including its own publishing house, botanical gardens,[213] a space research centre, a quantum electronics department,[214] and a Confucius Institute. At this time the city was renamed Sredets (The Center), because of its central strategic location. A third line was opened in August of 2020 and re-organisation of the previous lines lead to a 4th line being created. Among its highlights is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, one of the symbols of Bulgaria, constructed in the late 19th century. Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. Borisov Park is right in the center of the city, and South Park is next to the National Palace of Culture. [99] Several of the city's governors were members of the Bulgarian imperial family and held the title of sebastokrator, the second highest at the time, after the tsar. The city receives an average precipitation of 625.7mm (24.63in) a year, reaching its peak in late spring and early summer when thunderstorms are common. [72] In response to hazardous spikes in air pollution, the Municipal Council implemented a variety of measures in January 2018, like more frequent washing of streets. In 1944 Sofia and the rest of Bulgaria was occupied by the Soviet Red Army and within days of the Soviet invasion Bulgaria declared war on Nazi Germany. [70], The area has a history of nearly 7000 years,[76] with the great attraction of the hot water springs that still flow abundantly in the centre of the city. Name . It is thought that the church was built in the 6th century, during the reign of Constantine the Great. The Iskar River in its upper course flows near eastern Sofia. Still standing are the Dragalevski, Lozen, Germanski, Kremikovski, Cherepishki, and Osenovlashki Monasteries, among others. The considerable immigration to the capital from poorer regions of the country, as well as urbanisation, are among the other reasons for the increase in Sofia's population. In honor of its hot springs, in the 8th century BC the Thracian tribes settled here gave the city its first name Serdika or Serdonpolis. Winters are relatively cold and snowy. Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin Hoover PD; Bond Number Bond Type Bond Amount; 2023-00000019: Good Bond: 2023-00000020: Good Bond: 2023-00000021: Good Bond: Charges Court Date Court Court Room; No data: Number Charge . [24] In 1979, the Boyana Church in Sofia was included onto the World Heritage List, and it was deconstructed in the Second Bulgarian Empire, holding much patrimonial symbolism to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. These services are conducted under five initiatives. Level 2 - A security level for individuals who are deemed in need of more supervision than Level 1, but less than Level 3. Incarcerated individual behavior at Level 1 is expected to be rule compliant and pro-social and Level 1 individuals are eligible for admission to Reintegration Units. "The Cambridge Ancient History", Volume 3, Part 2: Mihailov, G., Thracians, Sofia, 1972, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, quote in Bulgarian: . Inmates here usually have sentences up to 30 years to complete. Three of the ten Pan-European Transport Corridors cross the city: IV, VIII and X. [133], With a murder rate of 1.7/per 100.000 people (as of 2009[update]) Sofia is a quite safe capital city. [209], Other institutions of national significance, such as the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) and the SS. [164] In 2015, Sofia was ranked 30th out of 300 global cities in terms of combined growth in employment and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the highest one amongst cities in Southeast Europe. Privilege levels will be greater than Level 3 and individuals may be eligible for Reintegration Units. [173] The influx of workers from other parts of the country became so intense that a restriction policy was imposed, and residing in the capital was only possible after obtaining Sofianite citizenship. [116] Sofia's architecture combines a wide range of architectural styles, some of which are aesthetically incompatible. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. Avian Remains from an Early Neolithic Settlement of Slatina (Present Sofia City, Bulgaria). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). A map of Sofia Valley. [98], It was once again incorporated into the restored Bulgarian Empire in 1194 at the time of Emperor Ivan Asen I and became a major administrative and cultural centre. The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of "religio licita", a worship recognised and accepted by the Roman Empire. The Boyana Film studios was at the centre of a once-thriving domestic film industry, which declined significantly after 1990. The ratio of women per 1,000 men was 1,102. [153] Tennis is increasingly popular in the city. Limes. The median age is 38 though. Sofia is relatively close to the capitals of most Balkan countries: Ankara is 1,012 km; Athens is 837 km; Beograd is 374 km; Bucharest is 395 km; Zagreb is 762 km; Ljubljana is 897 km; Sarajevo is 549 km; Skopje is 239 km; Tirana is 553 km. The National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria is a combined opera and ballet collective established in 1891. - . The natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 per mile, the first positive growth rate in nearly 20 years. [69][70] As a result, air pollution levels in Sofia are some of the highest in Europe. The city is home to a number of large sports venues, including the 43,000-seat Vasil Levski National Stadium which hosts international football matches, as well as Balgarska Armia Stadium, Georgi Asparuhov Stadium and Lokomotiv Stadium, the main venues for outdoor musical concerts. A large number of sports clubs are based in the city. LI, 25, 4 erhellt)", "Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. BAS is the centrepiece of scientific research in Bulgaria, employing more than 4,500 scientists in various institutes. The Sofia Zoological Garden in the southern part of the city is the countrys largest zoo. There are two golf courses just to the east of Sofia in Elin Pelin (St Sofia club) and in Ihtiman (Air Sofia club), and a horseriding club (St George club). 151156. Three freeways begin in Sofia: Trakia, Lyulin, and Hemus. The Polytechnical Museum has more than 1,000 technological items on display. Effective offender classification is essential in corrections, not only to support daily management and administration, but also to keep the system responsive to changing offender demographics, sentencing statutes, and agency policy. The Sofia Tourist Information Center offers information about points of interest, services, and accommodations. The city has an extensive green belt. [130] One of the three buildings in the architectural ensemble, the former Bulgarian Communist Party headquarters, is due to become the seat of the Parliament. There are around 13,000 taxi cabs operating in the city. The families that consist of two people are 46.8%, another 34.2% of the families are made up by three people, whereas most of the households (36.5%) consist of only one person.[116]. [156] A velodrome with 5,000 seats in the city's central park is undergoing renovation. ", "Where are world's deadliest major cities? It is a favorite place for a days outing for young and old alike. Hotel and the SS of Bulgaria, employing more than 1,000 technological items on display city in city! Are some of which are aesthetically incompatible and individuals may be eligible Reintegration. Academy of Sciences ( BAS ) and the Presidency the natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 mile... 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inmate classification vg3