major problems of agriculture in ethiopianancy pelosi's grandfather
Majorly, it focused on the shortage of farmland, climate change, fragmentation and degradation of farmland, unevenly distributed constructions and urbanizations, pests, lack of integration among stakeholders, political instabilities, and its prospects. The country has also ample opportunity in the areas of animal production that ranks first in Africa in the number of livestock heads. Land-based adaptation and resilience powered by nature. . Loss of Arable Land threaten world food supplies, Ethiopia - Average consumer prices inflation rate. In short, unemployment, waterlogging in wetland areas, salinity in arid and semi-arid areas, acidity in high rainfall areas, pests (like weeds, diseases, and insects), and erratic rainfall distribution are the common problems. They may forceto cut down the tree to make charcoal. (2020) also reported that rainfall and temperature variability has critical implications for rural livelihoods in general and food security in particular. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? Ethiopian Economic Association / Ethiopian . 1. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Shortage of finance is one of the major problems facing small farmers. Subsistence farmers constituted about 97% of Ethiopian agricultural activities. Five major cereals (teff, wheat, maize, sorghum, and barley) are the core of Ethiopias agriculture and food economy, accounting for about three-fourths of the total area cultivated, 29 percent of agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) in 2005/06 (14 percent of total GDP), and 64 percent of calories consumed (FAO . For instance, the citrus leaf miner, mango white scale, two-spotted spider mites, American fall armyworm, and mango fruit flies. The rapidly increasing populations, depletion of soil fertility, landlessness, climate change, deforestation, political turmoil, and degradation of natural resources are among the current problems facing the country. In short, unemployment, waterlogging in wetland areas, salinity in arid and semi-arid areas, acidity in high rainfall areas, pests (like weeds, diseases, and insects), and erratic rainfall distribution are the common problems. Melese (2019) reported that the use of improved crop varieties, agroforestry, crop diversification, soil conservation, off-farm, and irrigation practices, and adjusting the time of planting is the most important strategies. Indian agriculture suffer from numerous problems that is small land holdings, unscientific method of farming, less irrigation facilities, greater veriability to pest and disease, poverty among farmers and lack of infrastructure facilities etc. But there is a critical lack of comprehensive study on the extent of landlessness, its effects, and coping mechanisms in the country (Adugna, 2019). Crop and animal diseases such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes; insect pests, rodents, and birds are common problems in Ethiopia. Summary of the spatial variability of surface water in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is vulnerable to climate change. Soil is a non-renewable or finite resource and is the bank of nutrients for plant growth. Such food price inflation creates political instability, disorder, chaos, unemployment, malnutrition, hunger, poverty, imbalance, and inefficient resource distributions among the nations and further intensifies the international security problems in the horn of Africa (Cohen & Garrett, 2009; Chakraborty & Garrett, 2002). In contrast to this finding, Knippenberg et al. Ticks (species of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Boophilus decolaratus, Rhipicephelus evertsi, and Amblyomma variegatum), Tsetse Fly (Glossina pallidipes), Mange (Chorioptes bovis, and Sarcoptes), biting flies (Stomoxys calcitrans (stable Fly)) are vector-borne parasitic diseases of livestock and endoparasites such as helminths (nematodes: Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus (chaerbertia, oesophagostomum), Nematodirus, Bunostomum (hookworm), Toxocara vitulorum, cooperia, Dictyocaulus), estodes: moeniezia genus, cysticercus, Echinococcus granulosus), Trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, and Fasciola gigantic) and Coccidia are directly constrained livestock production in Ethiopia (Diriba, 2020; Welay et al., 2018; Ministry of Agriculture, 2014). The one who owns a large family and cattle received more. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It has also plenty of groundwater (Ayalew, 2018). Furthermore, the fast increasing population with traditional farming practices and tools led the farmers to expand agricultural farmland to the delicate ecological system thereby risking to the fabric of their own livelihood through desertification of the environment. However, it is not sufficient and sustainable to feed these rapidly growing Ethiopians. Ethiopia seed system development strategy, Water resources and irrigation development in Ethiopia, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Theoretical and empirical review of Ethiopian water resource potentials, challenges and future development opportunities, Proxy global assessment of land degradation, review article, Challenges and potential of future agricultural development in Jordan: Role of education and entrepreneurship, Climate variability and farmers Perception in Southern Ethiopia, Projecting Ethiopian demographics from 20122050 using the spectrum suite of models, Livelihood options of landless households and land contracts in north-west Ethiopia, Policies and programs affecting land management practices, input use, and productivity in the highlands of Amhara region, Ethiopia, International Food Policy Research Institute, Surface water and groundwater resources of Ethiopia: Potentials and challenges of water resources development, Deforestation and land degradation in the Ethiopian Highlands: A strategy for physical recovery, Deforestation and land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: A strategy for physical recovery, Policies to promote cereal intensification in Ethiopia: A review of evidence and experience, The Future Prospects for Global Arable Land, CSIRO Plant Industry, CRC Tropical Plant Protection, University of Queensland. How much of Ethiopias land is under cultivation? FAO (2016) indicated that in Ethiopia the water flows along the Nile Basin, Rift valley, Shebelli-Juba, and the Northeast coast has the potential to irrigate about 5.7 million ha., but at present, about 2.7 million ha is utilized. ZEFdiscussion papers on development policy, The causes, consequences and remedies of deforestation in Ethiopia. Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia. Therefore, emphasizing agriculture in Ethiopia requires the political as well as the economic commitment of all parties concerned. . Check out a sample Q&A here. Ethiopia encompasses a wide variety of agroecologies and peoples. As FAO (2010) report indicated, the soil erosion hazard, aluminum toxicity, soil shallowness, and hydromorphone are constraining 1316% of the global arable land areas. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. This is one of the leading issues that they are facing every day. This is why they are unable to sustain the demand of rising rural population density as the farm sizes declined (Josephson et al., 2014). Collaborating with agro ecology, agroforestry, climate-smart agriculture, and conservation agriculture could boost drastic cuts in the Ethiopian economy. Government policies regarding expanding of crop production to export fruits and vegetables to the international market to improve the citizens income are encouraging (Wiersinga et al., 2008). Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: The challenges and prospects of Ethiopian agriculture, 1 College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dewa, Ethiopia, The role of climateforestagriculture interface in climate resilient green economy of Ethiopia, Spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia, Landlessness, land access modalities and poverty in rural areas of Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia, Impacts of climate change on food security in Ethiopia: adaptation and mitigation options: A review, Rural population change in developing countries: Lessons for policy making, Climate change, growth, and poverty in Ethiopia, Recent changes in rainfall, temperature and number of rainy days over Northern Oromia zone, Horticultural crops research and development in Ethiopia: Review on current status, Effects of climate change and variability on rural livelihoods and responses: The case of Soro Woreda, Hadiya zone. Examples of major regular insect pests in Ethiopia. Therefore, improving the implementation of extension service in agronomic practices, afforestation, protection of livestock and crop plants, accessing financial support, and accessing time-based markets can improve the livelihood of the community (UNCTAD, 2017). The country misused these gifted natural resources in agricultural activities possibly mainly due to the political unrest characterized by the frequent war that weakened the economy rather than focused on development. Lose of such fertile productive arable farmlands created the food demand gaps in Ethiopia. Furthermore, these activities need to be digitalized in online platforms and improvements are required in the areas of artificial intelligence (AI) (DMFA (Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs), 2018/19). These activities will reduce farm demand, political instability, tension, migration, and degradation of the existing arable land. The older farmers who own the farmland but are not motivated to use improved technologies are aging and the young generation whonot engaged in the farmland contributed to the reduction of production and productivity. Soil erosion has been one of the country's major problems. Moreover, it also leads migration, humanitarian aid, and food production under more capital-intensive that concentrated in fewer hands from input accessing to the provisioning of food distribution (FAO, 2017). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Achieving sustainable development and promoting development cooperation, World population prospects: The 2015 revision. Farmland fragmentation in Ethiopia. The segment of the farming population who does not get the chance to go to school for economic and landless reasonsbecomes jobless. This also contributed to displacements and landlessness that even currently became a security problem at large in the country. By African, standard rural development programme has long history in Ethiopia. To determine whether farmers consider termites as one of their problems in growing trees and practices they use to manage termites, short semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to farmers selected randomly. It began with the domestication of crops and animals. They farm on very small plots of fragmented land and often are used unsuitable primitive techniques that are not effective for their agro-ecological zones (Lebeda et al., 2010). The agriculture sector is projected to grow at 6.2 percent per annum over the next ten years. Perhaps, environmental degradation, climate change, and limited advanced agricultural technology tend to be affecting much more the older farmers than their younger, healthier, and better-educated counterparts. Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. This aggravated soil erosion, low agricultural output, conflict, and food insecurity in the country (MoFAN (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands), 2018). However, Ethiopias current fruit, vegetable, and animal production for export are very limited because of fragmented cultivation and lack of quality. Although soil erosion, overgrazing, and deforestation have seriously damaged the plateaus, nearly half the potentially cultivable land is still available for use. This report also argued that the farmers are barely able to feed their families and contributed to further environmental deterioration. Ethiopia is a landlocked country split by the Great Rift Valley. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Ethiopia's most promising resource is its agricultural land. Particularly in the northern provinces, which have been settled with sedentary agriculture for millennia, population density has caused major damage to the soil's physical base, to its organic and chemical nutrients, and to the natural vegetation cover. The increased population and landlessness of the subsequent farming generations led to unwise use of natural resources in general and forest in particular. The same could be a blessing provided that natural resources could be utilized as it is needed by the labor force. Because agriculture is the primary source for . Agricultural investment potential of Ethiopia. It constitutes over 50% of the gross domestic product (GDP), accounts for over 85% of the labour force and earns over 90% of the foreign exchange [2]. Ethiopia has no: Less than 21 soil types with varying physical and chemical features. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. crop productions and animal rearing) took place. World Journal of Agricultural sciences 6(4):412-418. The deforestation rate in Ethiopia accounts for 1.25% of forest and other woodlands 1.8% annually per year (GFRA (Global Forest Resources Assessment), 2015). They are helpful in the protection of natural resources and increase production and productivity. The integrated approach requires re-introducing biological complexity like increasing plant diversity, perennial cover, and the presence of trees. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Based on this background, the state farmland provision for the farmer is more than 3045years and on average the current landowner is above 4850years of age at a minimum level. Generally, the Ethiopian agriculture outputs are challenged by complex production constraints of abiotic and biotic factors. A higher rise in temperature noted in drier areas of the northeast and southeast part of Ethiopia (Abebe & Arega, 2020). Governments are expected to enact socio-economic plans, such as reducing rural fertility rates (Prtner et al., 2012), and developing secondary cities and towns. In particular, the national action plans for input supplies and services strategies implementation are the need of time to ensure the developmental sectors (FAO, 2010). The country has also ample opportunity in. Therefore, this paper is devoted to reviewing the existing agricultural challenges and future prospects in the country. Ethiopia s agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market). Nov. 13, 2009. Yet agriculture is the countrys most promising resource. 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major problems of agriculture in ethiopia